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(Last Modified On 1/25/2013)
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(Last Modified On 1/25/2013)
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Species
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CHAMISSOA ALTISSIMA (Jacq.) HBK.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2:197. 1817.
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Synonym
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Celosia paniculata L. Sp. PI. ed. 2:298. 1762. not L. 1753. Achyranthes altissima Jacq. Enum. PI. Carib. 17. 1762 Chamissoa macrocarpa HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2:197. 1817. Celosia tomentosa Willd. in Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 5:53 1. 1819. Achyranthes linkiana Roem & Schult. Syst. Veg. 5:545. 1819. Chamissoa martii Moq. in DC. Prodr. 13 2:252. 1849. Chamissoa altissima ,3 laxiflora Moq. loc. cit. 251. 1849. Chamissoa altissima y densiflora Moq. loc. cit. 251. 1849. Chamissoa altissima var. ,P glabrata Seub. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 51:242. 1875 Kokera paniculata 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. 542. 1891. Chamissoa altissima var. rubella Suesseng. in Rep. Spec. Nov. 35:306. 1934. Chamissoa altissima subsp. albo-grisea Suesseng. in Rep. Sp. Nov. 3 9:6. 19 3 5. Chamissoa altissima var. grandispicata Suesseng. loc. cit. 6. 1935. Chamissoa altissima var. grandispicata f. semispicata Suesseng. loc. cit. 6. 1935. Charnissoa altissina var. densi-paniculata Suesseng. in Lilloa 4:129. 1939.
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Description
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Clambering subglabrous shrubs or vines to 3 m. high. Leaves glabrous or slightly pilose, broadly lanceolate to ovate, apically acute to acuminate and mucronate, basally truncate to acute, 3-14 cm. long, 1-6 cm. broad; petioles 0.5- 3.5 cm. long. Inflorescences of glomerules paniculately disposed, the pubescent primary rhachis usually visible at intervals. Flowers perfect, some usually sterile, subsessile; bracts 1-3, broadly deltoid, carinate, mucronate, with membranaceous margins, 1-1.5 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. broad; sepals 5, subequal, ovate, concave, acute to mucronate, 5-nerved, greenish white, 2.5-4 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. broad; stamens 5; filaments 1.5-3 mm. long; filament tube 0.5-1 mm. long, often basally adnate to the ovary; anthers globose to oblong; ovary at anthesis tympaniform to globose, usually as broad as long and truncate or flanged at the summit; style 1, 0.5-1 mm. long, usually shorter than the stigmata; stigmata 2 (-3), erect at anthesis, reflexed in fruit. Fruit a utricle, exserted, circumscissile near the middle, compressed ovoid, the summit conspicuously operculate and truncate to incon- spicuously operculate and rounded, 3-5 mm. long, 2-3.5 mm. broad, aril bivalvate, becoming wrinkled, brownish white, completely investing the seeds; seeds smooth but punctate, black, lustrous, 2-2.5 mm. broad.
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Habit
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shrubs or vines
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Specimen
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ISOCAS DEL TORO: Changuinola Valley, DunloP 309; vicinity of Chiriqui Lagoon, von Wedel I380 & I799; Water Valley, vicinity of Chiriqui Lagoon, von Wedel 634A, 840 s i64I; Old Bank Island, vicinity of Chiriqui Lagoon, von Wedel I896 e 2141; Garay Creek, vicinity of Chiriqui Lagoon, von Wedel 2637. CANAL ZONE: between Summit and Gamboa, Greenman & Greenman 5258. COCLE: vicinity of El Valle, 600-1000 m., Allen I205; El Valle de Ant6n, trail near Finca Tomas Arias, 600 m., Allen 4230. DARIEN: Tucuti, Chepigana, Terry & Terry 1382. PANAMA: Taboga Island, on more or less forested slopes, MacBride 2823.
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Distribution
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This most commonly collected species in the genus ranges from Mexico to Argentina, usually in thickets where it tends to clamber over adjacent plants.
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Note
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Of limited occurrence in amazonian South America is a rather distinct type often regarded as a separate species, C. usacrocarpa HBK., with rounded exoperculate, frequently 3 -stylate utricles much longer than the sepals. Kuntze (Rev. Gen. 542. 1891), perhaps the first lumper, regards C. inacrocarpa as conspecific with C. altissina. Annotation labels reveal that Schinz at one time considered C. macrocarpa as only a variety of C. altissima, and finally Suessenguth (in Rep. Sp. Nov. 35:306. 1934) admits that a sharp distinction between the two is impossible.
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Reference
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Rep. Sp. Nov. 35:306. 1934
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