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(Last Modified On 7/23/2013)
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(Last Modified On 7/23/2013)
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Species
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Macleania rupestris (H.B.K.) A. C. Smith
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PlaceOfPublication
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Phytologia 1: 131. 1935.
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Synonym
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Thibaudia rupestris H.B.K., Nov. Gen. Sp. PI. 3: 270. 1818. TYPE: Colombia; near Loxa and Alto de Pulla, Humboldt & Bonpland (P, holotype, not seen; photo, NY). Psammisia rupestris (H.B.K.) Klotzsch, Linnaea 24: 45. 1851. Psammisia alpicola Klotzsch, Linnaea 24: 45. 1851. TYPE: Colombia, Moritz 1349 (B, holotype, not seen; photo, NY). Psammisia glabra Klotzsch, Linnaea 24: 46. 1851. TYPE: "in alpibus Veraguae Americae centralis" Warszewicz (B, holotype, not seen; photo, F, GH, NY, US). Psammisia costaricensis Klotzsch, Linnaea 24: 47. 1851. TYPE: "in Americae centralis montibus," Warszewicz (B, holotype, not seen; photo, GH, US). Macleania turrialbana Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 27: 339. 1899. TYPE: Costa Rica: Cartago; Volcan Turrialba, Pittier 7546 (US, holotype; F, GH, isotypes; photo of holotype, NY). Macleania costaricensis (Klotzsch) Hoerold, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 42: 268. 1909. Macleania glabra (Klotzsch) Hoerold, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 42: 268. 1909. Macleania alpicola (Klotzsch) Hoerold, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 42: 269. 1909. Macleania sodiroi Hoerold, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 42: 302. 1909. TYPE: Ecuador. Macleania trianae Hoerold, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 42: 303. 1909. TYPE: Colombia. Macleania irazuensis Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 35: 121. 1922. TYPE: Costa Rica; Cartago, Vol- can Irazu', Popenoe 1017 (US, holotype). Macleania racemosa Cuf., Arch. Bot. Sist. 9: 199. 1933. TYPE: Costa Rica; Volcan Podis, Cufodontis 717 (W, holotype, not seen, photo F, GH; F, isotype).
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Description
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Epiphytic or terrestrial shrub 0.6-2.0 m high; branchlets subterete, glabrous to rarely moderately puberulent. Leaf blades oblong to ovate oblong, rarely elliptic, (2-)4-8(-13.5) cm long, (1.2-)2-5(-7.5) cm wide, basally cuneate to broadly rounded, apically broadly rounded to acute, marginally subentire and slightly revolute, usually glabrous both above and below but occasionally pu- berulent or spreading short pubescent on the lower surface near the base, oc- casionally sparsely punctate above; pinnately veined, the midvein slightly im- pressed above and prominently elevated beneath, the 2-4, arcuate-ascending, secondary veins on each side plane above and prominently elevated beneath, reticulate veinlets also flush above and slightly elevated beneath; petioles rugose, usually glabrous, 4-10 mm long, narrowly winged above. Inflorescences axillary near the ends of the branches, racemose, 4-20-flowered, glabrous throughout or occasionally moderately spreading short pubescent; rachis striate, 1-8 cm long; pedicels striate, glabrous to puberulous, reddish, (7-) 10-24 mm long; bract single, deltoid or ovate to oblong, often ciliate, 2-5(-7) mm long; bracteoles 2, broadly deltoid to oblong, 1-2 (-3) mm long. Flowers with the hypanthium short cylindric, ca. 2.5 mm long, 4 mm in diameter, deep maroon; calyx limb flaring, 2-5 mm long including the lobes, the lobes 5, apiculate, ca. 1 mm long; corolla (12-)18-22 mm long, 6 mm in diameter, cylindric urceolate, deep red or pinkish red, the tube contracting at the throat to ca. 3 mm in diameter, the lobes deltoid to oblong, acute, 1.5-2.5 mm long, pale red, pink to white, ciliate; stamens 10, 9-14 mm long, the filaments distinct, glabrous or marginally short pilose distally, 2-4 mm long; the anther sacs basally and apically incurved, 4-7 mm long, the tubules laterally connate throughout, rarely distinct nearly to the FIGURE 11. Macleania rupestris (H.B.K.) A. C. Smith.-A. Habit (X 1).-B-C. Stamens. -B. Lateral view (x525).-C. Ventral view (X59,). [After Wilbur & Teeri 13077 (DUKE).] base, rigidly and narrowly cylindric conical, 3.5-6 mm long, opening by elongate, introrse clefts about '/3-1/2 the length of the tubule; stigma truncate, the style glabrous. Berry dark bluish black.
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Habit
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shrub
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Distribution
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As interpreted here Macleania rupestris occurs in western Nicaragua, Costa Rica and western Panama and from Venezuela and Colombia southward into Peru.
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Note
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A.C. Smith (1932: p. 378) in his revision of the genus Macleania noted a slight morphological distinction which separates the Central American M. glabra from the South American M. nitida in the sense of Hoerld (= M. rupestris (H.B.K.) A.C. Sm.). His key reads as follows.
Tubules slightly shorter than the anther sacs, rarely subequal (South America) M. rupestris
Tubules slightly longer than the anther sacs, rarely subequal (Central America) M. glabra
A survey of many specimens from both South and Central America failed to demonstrate any distinction in the ratios of tubules to anther sac between Central and South American specimens. Almost all specimens examined from Costa Rica and Panama had anther sacs longer than the tubules which is contrary to the key. The ample material accumulated in the past forty-five years confirms Smith's suspicion that combining the two supposed taxa is the best course to be followed since no other consistent differences have been detected.
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Specimen
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CHIRIQUI: Cerro Punta, 2000 m, Allen 1562 (MO, NY). Summit and SW face of Cerro Copete, 9000 ft, Allen 4901 (MO, US). Slopes of Las Cumbres near Cerro Punta, Croat 13702 (DUKE, MO). Wooded slopes on Cerro Horqueta, 1650 11, Croat 26952 (MO). 10 mi above Boquete on road to Volcaln Baru', 2600 m, Croat 34826 (MO). Eastern slope of Volca'n Baru', 8 mi from Boquete, 2300-2400 m, Croat 34996 (MO). Alto Respinga and above, 2800 m, D'Arcy 9951 (MO). Potrero Muleto to summit of El Barl'i, D'Arcy 10163 (DUKE, MO). Oak forest at 2400 m on E slope of Volcaln de Chiriqui, Davidse & D'Arcy 10217 (DUKE, MO, NY). Elfin forest on ridges above Potrero Muleto on Volcain de Chiriqui, 3000 m, Davidse & D'Arcy 10258 (DUKE, MO, NY). Bajo Chorro, 6000 ft, Davidson 158 (A, F, MO, US); Davidson 609 (F). Volcan de Chiriqui, 9000 ft, Davidson 975 (A, F, MO). Peak of Volca'n de Chiriqui, 11900 ft, Davidson 1315 (MO). Cerro Respinga on Boquete Trail, 2000-2500 m, Gentry 5930, 5947 (both DUKE, MO). La Pefia Blanca cloud forest, 5500 ft, Hagen 2001 (A, NY). Cerro Horqueta, 5800 ft, Lewis et al. 550 (MO). Upland pastures 2-2.5 km E of Cerro Punta, 7150-7200 ft, Luteyn 3047 (DUKE, F, MO). Premontane cloud forest along ridge E of Cerro Horqueta, 1700-1900 m, Luteyn & Wilbur 4592 (DUKE). Above timberline on W side of Volcin Baru', 3000 mn, Moni & Bolton 7343 (MO). Oak forest 2.5 km SE of Cerro Punta, Mori & Kallunki 5675 (MO). Bajo Grande, 1-3 km E of Cerro Punta, 2000-2200 m, Nee 10027 (DUKE, MO). Volcain Chiriqui, 3000-3371 m, Pittier 3102 (US). Near peak Volca'n de Chiriqui, 11900 ft, Terry 1315 (A, F). Boquete, El Velo, 6150 ft, Stern et al. 2001 (US). Boquete, Finca Collins, 5800-6700 ft, Stern et al. 2024 (US). W slope of El Baru', 6000-7000 ft, Tyson & Loftin 5948 (DUKE, FSU, MO); Tyson & Loftin 5958 (DUKE, FSU). W slope of El Baru', 8000-9000 ft, Tyson & Loftin 6127 (DUKE, FSU). W slope of El Baru', 1000-1100 ft, Tyson & Loftin 6147 (DUKE, FSU). 5 mi NE El Volcan, 7000 ft, Tyson 6344 (DUKE). Cerro Punta, 6000 ft, Tyson 7026 (DUKE). Half-way between Cerro Punta and Bambito, 5600 ft, Wilbur et al. 10891 (DUKE). W slope of Volcan de Chiriqui, 8600 ft, Wilbur 11030 (DUKE, MO). Trail between Cerro Punta and Quebrado Bajo Grande, 2000-2100 m, Wilbur et al. 11896 (DUKE). Steeply cut bank above trail between Bajo Quiel and Bajo Mono 6 mi NW of Boquete, 1450 m, Wilbur et al. 12015 (DUKE). Trail along Quebrado Grande to top of Paso de Respingo on trail to Boquete, 2100-2400 m, Wilbur et al. 15117 (DUKE, F, MICH, MO); Wilbur et al. 15134 (DUKE). Old lava field 4 mi NW of El Hato del Volcatn near Rio Macho de Monte, 1800 m, Wilbur & Teeri 13077 (DUKE, MO). Mossy forest E of Guadeloupe along Rio Chiriqui Viejo 2 mi NE of Cerro Punta, Wilbur & Teeri 13101 (DUKE, MO). Quebrado Bajo Grande 2 mi E of Cerro Punta, 6900 ft, Wilbur & Teeri 13138 (DUKE, MO). Casita Alta, Volcaln de Chiriqui, 1500-2000 m, Woodson et al. 817 (MO, NY); Woodson et al. 976 (A, MO, NY). Loma Larga to summit, Volcan de Chiriqui, 2500-3380 m, Woodson et al. 1070 (A, MO, NY). Casita Alta to Cerro Copete, 2300-3300 mn, Woodson & Schery 356 (MO). Potrero Muleto to summit, Volcan de Chiriqui, 3500-4000 mn, Woodson & Schery 381 (MO, NY).
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