Published In:
Species Plantarum 1: 459. 1753. (1 May 1753) ( Sp. Pl.)   
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(Last Modified On 6/2/2011)
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Acceptance
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Accepted
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(Last Modified On 6/3/2011)
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Contributor Text:
A. RADCLIFFE-SMITH
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Flower/Fruit:
Fl. & Fr. Per.: Jan. - July.
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Type:
Syntypes: Europe, specimen no. 630/49 in Hb. Linn. (LINN); Hort. Cliff. no. 14 (BM).
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Distribution:
Distribution: More or less throughout Europe, N. Africa and Asia; introduced into N. America. Common or abundant in sandy fields or on wet sandy clay by irrigation canals; also on rocky slopes; 650'/200 m. - 6600'/2000 m.
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Illustration:
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Map Location:
B-6 Chitral: Chitral, 10 Apr. 1958, J.D.A. Stainton 2159 (BM); 27 May 1979, P.H. Dunn s.n. (K); Di: Jambatai, 5 May 1895, Chitral Relief Expedition 16619 (BM); Peshawar: Peshawar, March 1907, Lt. Col. Sir. H. Deane, K. C.S.L s.n. (K); B-7 Swat: Bishigram, 9 Jul. 1953, R.R. Stewart & A. Rahman 24918 (BM); Hazara: Kagan Valley, 14 May 1896, Inayat in J.F. Duthie 20154 (K); Abbott. abad, Jan. 1902, Barrett 60 (K); B-8 Kashmir South: ‘Kashmir’, Apr. 1848, T. Thomson s.n. (K); Srinagar, 2.20 Oct. 1856, H., A. & R. Schlagintweit 4581 (BM); Gandarbal, 21 Jul. 1902, J.R. Drununond 4382 (K): ‘Kashmir, Apr. 1938, P.N. Kohli 17 (K); C-5 South Waziristan: Barwand, 26 Apr. 1895, J.F. Duthie 15713 (K); Kaniguram, R.R. Stewart (fide Rechinger); C-5/6 North Waziristan: Miram Shah-Datta Khel, E. Blatter & J. Fernandez (fide Rechinger); C-6 Khyber: Tirah, no date, J.F. Duthie 136 (K); Dora Ismail Khan: Tank, Williams (fide Rechinger); C-7 Rawalpindi: Rawalpindi, 1915, Mrs. Prescott-Decie s.n. (BM); Murree, 8 May 1916, Miss E.M. Saunders s.n. (K); Rawalpindi, 27 Feb. 1917, Col. H.H. Rich 475 (K); Apr. 1936, Mohindar Nath s.n. (RAW); Topi Park, 17 Mar. 1940, P.M. Pinfold 13 (BM); C-8 Kashmir South: Mundi, 3 Jul. 1876, C.B. Clarke 28258A (BM); Aish Mugam [Aishmakam], 3 Jul. 1902, J.R. Drummond 4003 (K); Udhampur: Nasmon, 12 May 1848, T. Thomson s.n. (K); Sialkot: 3 km. Narowal - Shakargarh, 4 Apr. 1976, Y. Nasir, Nazir F. Bhatti 8120 (RAW); D-4 Quetta - Pishin: ‘Quettah, Pushub’, Mar./Apr. 1839, W. Griffith 351. (4695); (K); Quetta, 1887-8, J.N. Lace sn. (CAL); 6 Apr. 1888, J.F. Duthie 8708 (BM); May 1893, J.F. Duthie sn. (K); 14 May 1945, H. Santapau, S.J. 6221 (K); 15 May 1945, H. Santapau S.J. 6229 (K); 9 May 1952, Helen Crookshank 19 (K); Bostan, 13 Jun. 1965, M. A. Siddiqi & Y. Nasir). 3504 (RAW); D-8 Lahore: Lahore, March 1846, T. Thomson s.n. (K); E-3 Kharan: Kharan, Hughes Buller 23121 (fide Rechinger); E-4 Kalat: Mastung, 16 Jun. 1957, S.M.M. Jafri & Kh. Akbar 1721 (K); F-3 Makran: Panjgur, 1919/20, E. Blatter, P.E. Hallberg & C. McCann s.n. (fide Rechinger); F-4 Kalat: Khuzdar [‘Khozdar’], ? 1848, Dr. J.E. Stocks 779 (K); G-2 Makran: Turbat, 26 Mar. 1971, Sultan-ul-Abedin & Abrar Hussain 6098 (KUH).
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An erect sparingly pilose to glabrescent bright green fleshy annual herb up to 50 cm tall, but more commonly 10-30 cm tall. Stem-leaves alternate, shortly petiolate, the petioles 1-2 mm long; leaf-blades obovate-spathulate, 1-3 (-4.5) x 0.5-1.5 (-2) cm, obtuse, rounded or retuse at the apex, tapered to the base, serrulate towards the apex, otherwise entire, readily deciduous, leaving scars. Pseudumbel flat, 5-rayed, the rays trifid then once or twice bind, usually without axillary rays below the pseudumbel; pseudumbel-leaves 5, whorled, similar to the upper stem-leaves but often slightly larger; ray-leaves whorled in 3’s or opposite, the lower obliquely obovate to elliptic-ovate and asymmetric at the base, comparable to the upper stem-leaves in size, the upper ± suborbicular and progressively smaller. Cyathia very shortly pedunculate to subsessile. Glands transversely ovate, greenish. Fruit roundly triobate with deep grooves and subglobose cocci, 2.5-3 x 2.5-3.5 mm, ± smooth, glabrous, pale green. Styles spreading, recurved, united at the base, 0.75 mm long, bipartite, the stigmas slightly swollen. Seeds ovoid, 2 x 13 mm, strongly reticulate, dark brown, obtusely apiculate with a flat, adpressed, transversely ovate caruncle.
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