(Last Modified On 3/18/2013)
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(Last Modified On 3/18/2013)
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Species
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Manihot esculenta Crantz
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PlaceOfPublication
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Inst. 1: 167, 1767.
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Synonym
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Jatropha manihot L., Sp. P1. 1007, 1753. Manihot utilissima Pohl, P1. Brasil. Icon. Descr. 1: 32, t. 24, 1827; Pax & Hoffm., Pflanzenreich 44 (IV, 147, II): 67, 1910.
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Description
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Herb or shrub, sometimes arborescent, ca 1-3 m high, glabrous. Leaves with petioles 5-17 cm long; stipules lanceolate, acuminate, 7-8 mm long, deciduous; blades mostly deeply 3-5-lobed (less commonly 7-lobed, or sometimes undivided); lobes mostly elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, glaucous beneath, the middle lobe ca 9-17 cm long, (1-)2-5 cm broad, the lateral lobes mostly smaller. Panicles 0.5-1 dm long at anthesis, lengthening in fruit; flowers on spreading or somewhat reflexed pedicels. Staminate flowers with pedicels 4-6 mm long; calyx campanulate, yellowish-green, ca 3-4.5 mm long, glabrous outside; calyx-lobes ca 2-2.5 mm long, deltoid, densely puberulent within; disc 10-lobed (i.e. of 5 concrescent bibbed segments), ca 2 mm wide; stamens 10, the filaments unequal, the longer not over 2 mm long, the anthers linear-oblong, 1.8-2 mm long, those on shorter filaments with apical tufts of hairs; pistillode absent. Pistillate flowers with pedicels 7-12 mm long, becoming ca 1.5-2 cm in fruit; calyx-lobes 5, oblong-lanceolate, acute, ca 7.5-10 mm long; disc massive, ca 3-3.5 mm wide; ovary with 6 sharp ribs or wings, the styles ca 1.8-2 mm long, dilated and divided into several capitate tips. Capsules ca 1.5 cm long, 1.3 cm in diam, rugose' and 6-winged; seeds compressed, bluntly beaked, grayish or pale brownish, dark-flecked, 7.1-9.3 mm long, 4.1-5.1 mm broad, the caruncle broadly deltoid, entire, 1.3-1.7 mm long, 2.8-3.2 mm broad.
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Habit
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Herb or shrub
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Distribution
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Apparently native to South America; widely cultivated in the tropics, includ- ing Panama, where the plant at least occasionally escapes.
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Specimen
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BOCAS DEL TORO: Chiriquicito, Seibert 1549 (MO). CANAL ZONE: Balboa, Standley 25509 (US), 25559 (US), 25563 (US); Balboa, Sosa Hill, Standley 25252 (US); Barro Colorado I, Shattuck 161 (GH, MO); Cerro Gordo, Pittier 2302 (US); Fort Randolph, swampy woods, Standley 28637 (US); Rio Pedro Miquel, Standley 29930 (US). PANAMA: Taboga I, Standley 27961 (US).
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