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(Last Modified On 10/1/2013)
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(Last Modified On 10/1/2013)
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Species
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Tephrosia sinapou (Buchoz) A. Chev.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Compt. Rend. Hebd. Seances Acad. Sci. 180: 1522. 1925. (As T. singapou.)
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Synonym
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Galega sinapou Buchoz, Hist. Univ. Regne Veg., p[. 994. 1775. TYPE: Buchoz diagnostic plate. Galega sericea Lam., Encycl. Meth. Bot. 2 (part 2): 596. 1788. TYPE: not established. Not Galega sericea Thunb. (1800), nor G. sericea Buch.-Ham. (1822), nor Tephrosia sericea (Thunb.) Pers. (1807), nor T. sericea Baker (1871). Galega toxicaria Swartz, Prod. Veg. Ind. Occ. 108. 1788. TYPE: West Indies, Swartz, not seen. Tephrosia toxicaria (Swartz) Pers., Syn. P1. 2: 329. 1807. Tephrosia emarginata H.B.K., Nov. Gen. Sp. P1., (ed. folio) 6: 361; (ed. quarto) 6: 461. 1824. TYPE: Vene- zuela, (P, not seen; microfiche MO; probable isotype B, not seen). Tephrosia schiedeana Schlecht.,-Linnaea 12: 299. 1838. TYPE: Mexico, (NY, not seen; isotype GH). Orobus sericeus Sess. et Moc., Natureleza (Madrid) II, 1: app. 118. 1889. TYPE: Mexico, not seen. Cracca toxicaria (Swartz) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. P1. 1: 175. 1891. Cracca schiedeana (Schlecht.) Standley, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 23: 474. 1922.
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Description
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Shrubs or erect perennial herbs to 1 m tall; stems usually ridged and densely velvety with yellowish-brownish pubescence. Leaves to 30 cm long; petioles 2- 5 cm long; rachis 10-25 cm long; leaflets 17-41, most often 25-35, narrowly elliptic to linear, mucronate, 4-6 cm long, 0.5-1.5 cm wide, pubescent above, more densely pubescent and paler beneath; leaflets with the 15-20 pairs of main side nerves sometimes obscured by pubescence beneath; petiolules ca. 2 mm long; stipules linear, to 15 mm long, apparently persistent. Inflorescences terminal and axillary, to 30 cm long, the peduncle 2-8 cm long, the nodes 15-25 or more, the buds 2-6 per node; bracts linear, to 8 mm long; pedicels 2-5 mm long. Flowers drying to 20 mm long; calyx densely hairy, 5-8 mm long, the lobes about equaling the tube, the lower lobe symmetrically tapered, narrow triangular, the lateral lobes unlike the lower lobe, abruptly and obliquely narrowed to an acute or sometimes acuminate tip; petals apparently white to pink, the standard circular to oblong, ca. 15 mm long, densely hairy on the back, the claw to 3 mm long, the wings narrow, to 15 mm long, the claw 3 mm long, slightly adherent to the keel, the keel narrow, oblong, to 17 mm long, the claw to 4 mm long; staminal tube 10-15 mm long, the vexillary stamen adnate to the tube for part of the length, basally free; ovary silky, linear, the ovules 10-13, the style hairy above. Fruit more or less straight, linear, to 5 cm long and 5 mm wide, hairy; calyx persistent, but somewhat torn; seeds 8-13, oblong, 3.0-3.5 mm long, brown, apparently often faintly mottled.
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Habit
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Shrubs or erect perennial herbs
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Note
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This plant is similar in appearance to T. multifolia (see above under T. mul- tifolia).
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Distribution
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found in Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America.
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Note
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T. sinapou has been cultivated for use as a fish poison apparently throughout the New World tropics. The type of Galega sericea Lam. is possibly one of two collections in the Lamarck Herbarium (P-LAM, not seen; microfiche, MO). Lamarck (Encycl. 2 [part 2]: 596) also lists a variety "beta" and refers to having seen a Jussieu specimen. This latter may be the collection that bears the name "Galega sericea" in the Jussieu Herbarium (P-JU; microfiche, MO). The plates in Buchoz's (also spelled Bu'choz and Buch'oz) work are not indexed. They are numbered as follows: "mille" (Arabic numerals, lower left corner); "Cent." (Arabic numerals, lower right corner); "Dec." (Arabic numer- als, upper right corner); and "PI." (Roman numerals, upper left corner). There is no "Cent." zero nor a "Dec." zero; hence, plate 994, on which the name Tephrosia sinapou is based, is numbered as "Cent. 10," "Dec. 10.," "PI. IV." This system can be confusing in trying to locate a particular plate.
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Specimen
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DARIEN: El Real, Duke 4941 (MO). Puerto St. Dorothea, Dwyer 2274 (GH, MO, SCZ). SAN BLAS: Ailigandi River, Duke & Bristan 338 (MO, NY).
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