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(Last Modified On 9/30/2013)
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(Last Modified On 9/30/2013)
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Species
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Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urban
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PlaceOfPublication
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Symb. Ant. 4: 311. 1905.
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Synonym
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Dolichos erosus L., Sp. P1. 2: 726. 1753. TYPE: ?Herb. Linnaeus (LINN 900.11 not seen; microfiche MO). Dolichos bulbosus L., Sp. P1., ed. 2. 1021. 1763. Renaming of D. erosus L. Dolichos articulatus Lam., Encycl. Meth. Bot. 2: 296. 1786. Based on Plumier, Plant. Amer. tab. 220. 1755. Pachyrhizus angulatus Rich. ex DC., Prodr. 2: 402. 1825. Renaming of Dolichos bulbosus L. Stizolobium bulbosum (L.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. 3: 252. 1826. Stizolobium domingense Spreng., Syst. Veg. 3: 525. 1826. Based on Dolichos articulatus Lam. Taeniocarpum articulatum (Lam.) Desv., Ann. Sci. Nat. 9: 421. 1826. Robynsia macrophylla Mart. & Gal., Bull. Acad. Bruxelles 10(2): 193. 1843. LECTOTYPE: Mexico Galeotti 3278 (BR, not seen). Pachyrhizus articulatus (Lam.) Duch. & Walp., Flora 36: 226. 1853. Pachyrhizus bulbosus (L.) Kurz, Asiat. Soc. Beng., J. 45(2): 246. 1876. (not seen.) Cacara erosa (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. P1. 1: 165. 1891. Pachyrhizus panamensis Clausen, Cornell Univ. Agric. Exp. Sta. Mem. 264: 21. 1944 [1945]. TYPE: Panama, Killip 12080 (US, holotype; isotypes GH, NY). Pachyrhizus vernalis Clausen, Cornell Univ. Agric. Exp. Sta. Mem. 264: 23. 1944. [1945]. TYPE: Guatemala, Steyermark 38553 (F, not seen).
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Description
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Herbaceous vines; stems pilose, often drying hollow; rootstock tuberous. Leaves pinnate trifoliolate, the leaflets ovate to broadly ovate, the terminal leaflet broadest and often 3-7 lobed, the sinuses and lobes acute or rounded, mucronate, the lateral leaflets oblique, often less lobed or entire, basally deltoid, 3-veined from the base, drying slightly discolorous, glabrate or densely soft tomentose; petiolules 4-5 mm long, stout, pilose; petioles and rachis slender, drying angled, pubescent; stipels 1-2 mm long, acicular, sericeous, basally extended into definite ribs on the rachis; stipules minute, caducous. Inflorescences axillary pseudora- cemes, mostly 12-20 cm long, the flowers congested near the apex, the peduncle mostly longer and stouter than the petioles, the bracteoles resembling the stipels, subtending and much shorter than the calyx; pedicels ca. 2 per node, slender, ca. 5 mm long. Flowers blue, calyx 5-8 mm long, tubular, 2-lipped, the upper 2 teeth mostly connate, the lower 3 acute or acuminate, shorter than the tube, subequal or the lowermost longest and acuminate; standard ca. 15 mm long, suborbicular, emarginate, the wings and the keel about as long as the standard, sometimes ciliolate. Legume oblong, ca. 10 cm long, 1.5-2 cm wide, compressed, appressed strigose.
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Habit
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vines
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Note
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This species is distinct in its broad, often lobed leaflets and in its tuberous roots. In Panama, upland populations are generally densely pubescent while plants from the lowlands are glabrate. Clausen (1947) distinguished the more pubescent plants as Pachyrhizus panamensis, noting that petals of these plants are usually ciliolate. However, these differences are not of specific import. By coincidence, the specimen he selected for the type of his species is aiunusually pubescent species from Ancon Hill in the lowlands, thus the distinction between upland and lowland races is not absolute.
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Distribution
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ranges throughout the Neotropics and has been introduced and naturalized in parts of the Old World.
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Note
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It is cultivated for its edible tubers, but many of the Panamanian collections appear to have been taken from the wild. The seeds are toxic. The species is known in English as the Yam Bean, and in Spanish as Jicama.
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Common
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Yam Bean Jicama
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Specimen
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BOCAS DEL TORO: Big Bight, Chiriqui Lagoon, Wedel 2981 (GH, MO, US). CANAL ZONE: Fort Kobbe, Allen 2027 (F, GH, MO, NY, US). Anc6n, Celestine 28 (US). Fort Sherman, Dwyer & Robyns 132 (MO). Chagres, Fendler 74 (MO), 75 (F, GH, US). Balboa Heights, Greenman & Green- man 5053 (MO). Cerro Anc6n, Heriberto 117 (GH, US). Anc6n Hill, 100-200 m, Killip 12080 (GH, NY, US). Madden Dam, 50 ft, Lewis et al. 29 (MO). Junction Chagres Boy Scout Road and Madden Dam Road, Mori et al. 4070 (MO, WIS). Madden Dam, Nee 7774 (MO). Cerro Anc6n, Standley 25200 (US). Sosa Hill, Balboa, Standley 25271 (US). Gatfin, Standley 27281 (US). Mount Hope Cemetery, Standley 28798, 28803 (both US). Between France Field and Catival, Standley 30213 (US). Curundfi, Tyson & Blum 2534 (FSU, MO). CHIRIQUi: Quebrada del Medio 2 km N of Punta de Burica, 40-80 m, Busey 747 (MO). Quebrada Guanabanito 2 mi SW of Puerto Armuelles, Croat 22071 (DUKE, F, MO). Burica Peninsula above Quebrada Yerbazales, 200 m, Croat 22586 (MO). Bajo Mono, Bo- quete District, Davidson 496 (US). Boquete, Lewis et al. 618 (MO); Pittier 2918 (GH, NY, US). COLON: Rio Guanche, D'Arcy 9721 (MO). LOS SANTOS: 16 mi S of Macaracas at Quebrada Bejuco, Tyson et al. 3091 (MO, SCZ). PANAMA: Isla de Pedro Gonzales, Dwyer 1720 (MO). SE side of Madden Lake near Puente Natural, 90 m Nee & Hansen 14046 (MO, WIS). Ruins of Old Panama, Pease 22878 (GH). SAN BLAS: Mainland opposite Achituppu, Lewis et al. 102 (GH, MO, US).
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