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(Last Modified On 1/17/2013)
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(Last Modified On 1/17/2013)
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Species
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QUERCUS HUMBOLDTII Bonpl.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Humb. & Bonpl., P1. Aequinoct. 2:15 5. pI. I30. 1809.
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Synonym
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Erythrobalanus humboldtii Schwarz, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Mus. Berlin-Dahlem 13:496. 1937.
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Description
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Medium-sized or large tree. Twigs 2 to 4 or rarely 7 mm. thick, fluted or subterete, from loosely fulvous-tomentose quickly or tardily becoming glabrate, the numerous light lenticels raised and very prominent. Buds about 5 mm. long, ovoid or elongating and acute, from loosely tomentose becoming glabrate and dull brown but the scales ciliate; the ligulate stipules rather early caducous. Leaves subevergreen or clearly evergreen, rather thin but hard and coriaceous, 10 to 20 cm. long, 3 to 7 cm. broad, lanceolate to elliptic or oblanceolate, acute or long- acuminate at apex, cuneate to rounded at base, entire or rarely coarsely few-toothed near the apex, margins minutely cartilaginous-revolute, flat or minutely crisped, upper surface glabrous and somewhat shining or the base of the midrib persistently tomentose, lower surface glabrate or rather persistently floccose especially along the midrib, opaque or somewhat shining, not bullate; veins about 12 to 16 on each side, branching and very obviously anastomosing near the margin, impressed above but slightly raised within the grooves, very prominent beneath, the reticulum rather inconspicuously raised beneath, less so above; petioles 4 to 10 or 15 mm. long, glabrate or persistently tomentose. Staminate catkins 8 to 15 cm. long, rather loosely flowered, the rachis sparsely villous, the obtuse anthers well exserted from the villous perianth. Pistillate catkins about 1 cm. long, 1- to 2-flowered. Fruit annual, solitary or paired on a peduncle 3 to 10 mm. long and 3 to 6 mm. thick with prominent lenticels; cups 2 to 3 cm. broad, deeply or shallowly cup- shaped, the margins inrolled or not, the scales narrowly ovate, obtuse, rather loosely appressed, short-fulvous-tomentose; acorns 2 to 3 cm. long, 1.5 to 2 cm. broad, round or ovoid, from loosely silky-tomentose becoming glabrate and brown, one-half or usually one-third included.
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Habit
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tree
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Note
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Quercus humboldtii is readily distinguished from the other species in Panama by its rather large entire lanceolate leaves and its large cups with loosely appressed thin scales. It is not closely related to any other species in Panama; its center is in the Andes of Colombia, where it is the only South American species of the genus. Its existence in Panama is attested by a single specimen in the New York Botanical Garden Herbarium labeled merely "Panama, 1859-1860." It is very likely that this specimen was taken in lower Panama near Colombia since no others of this species have turned up in the recent extensive explorations of the Chiriqui region.
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Specimen
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DARIEN (?): without specific locality data, Hayes 830.
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