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(Last Modified On 3/28/2013)
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(Last Modified On 3/28/2013)
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Species
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Xylosma flexuosa (H.B.K.) Hemsley
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PlaceOfPublication
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Biol. Centr.-Amer. 1: 57, 1879, sensu lato.
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Synonym
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Flacourtia flexuosa H.B.K., Nov. Gen. Sp. P1. 7: 239, 1825. Hisingera nitida sensu Seemann, Bot. Voy. Herald 249, 1854. Hisingera elliptica Clos, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., ser. 4, 8: 226, 1857. Myroxylon ellipticum (Clos) 0. Ktze., Rev. Gen. P1. 1: 44, 1891. Xylosma hemsleyana Standley, Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17: 169, 1927.
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Description
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Shrub or small tree, 2-12 m high, the trunk to 10-12.5 cm in diam, armed or not, the spines on the trunk often branched, the spines on the branches simple, the branchlets inconspicuously puberulous to glabrous. Leaves short-petiolate, the petiole to 5(-7) mm long; blade polymorphic, glabrous, commonly elliptic to broadly elliptic, infrequently ovate (or even narrowly ovate), acute at the base, obtuse to acute at the apex, seldom obtusely acuminate, distinctly glandular- crenate-serrate along the margins, to 6(-8) cm long and 4.5 cm wide, rigid- chartaceous, ? lustrous and with the network of the veins conspicuous on the upper surface, rather dull and with the costa prominent below, the network of the veins less conspicuous on the lower surface. Flowers in fascicles or contracted racemes, dioecious, greenish to yellowish, the pedicels to 5 mm long, minutely puberulous or glabrous, bracteate at the base; sepals 4 or usually 5, broadly ovate or deltoid, acute, ca 1.5-2 mm long, spreading in c flowers, ciliolate along the margins, usually minutely puberulous on both sides; stamens ca 16-20, the filaments to 2.5 mm long, glabrous; ovary oblong-ovoid, glabrous, the placentas 2-3, each one 2-ovulate. Bacca subglobo!se, 5-6 mm in diam, at first green, turning bright red at maturity, surmounted by the persistent, 2-3-lobed style, the fruiting pedicel elongated and to 8 mm long, usually distinctly articulate ca 2 mm above the base; seeds 4-6, angulate-ovoid, to 4 mm long, the testa reddish-brown, glabrous.
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Habit
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Shrub or small tree
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Distribution
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Mexico, Central America, and northern South America; in Panama, this species is found only in the Province of Chiriqui at
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Elevation
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900-2250 m
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Common
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cachito roseto
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Note
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Xylosma flexuosa, treated here in a rather broad sense, can be easily distin- guished from X. panamensis by the leaf blades distinctly crenate-serrate and by the network of the veins clearly noticeable when dry on the upper surface. Further- more, the mature berries are said to be bright red in X. flexuosa, while they are black in X. panamensis. Finally, the habitat of the two species is quite different.
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Specimen
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CHIRIQUI: lianos on slopes of Volcan de Chiriqui Viejo & along Rio Chiriqui Viejo, alt 1200 m, Allen 969 (F, MO); Boquete, Boquete Distr, alt 3800-5500 ft, Davidson 615 (F, MO, US), 736 (F, MO, US), 779 (F, MO, US), savanna, 787 (F); vic of Boquete, from Boquete to 3 mi N, alt 3300-4200 ft, second growth, cultivated areas & roadsides, Lewis et al. 577 (MO); Bajo Boquete, alt 900-1300 m, Bro. Maurice 736 (MO), Pittier 3330 (US); vic of El Boquete, Maxon 5141 (US); vic of Boquete, Finca Collins, alt 5800-6700 ft, Stern et al. 2029 (MO); Camiseta, Volcan de Chiriqui, alt 7500 ft, Terry 1360 (MO); Rio Chiriqui Viejo Valley, on llanos, White 56 (MO), 109 (MO); Finca Lerida to Boquete, alt ca 1300-1700 m, Woodson et al. 1104 (F, MO), 1168 (F, MO).
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