(Last Modified On 6/2/2011)
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Acceptance
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Accepted
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(Last Modified On 6/3/2011)
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Contributor Text:
S. I. Ali & Sher Wali Khan
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Flower/Fruit:
Fl. Per.: May-July
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Type:
Holotype: Nepal (Nepaul), Suembu (Sembu), 2.6.1802, Dr. Buchanan (Buchanan-Hamilton) (BM).
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Distribution:
Distribution: Pakistan (Hazara, Baltistan), Kashmir, Bhutan, India, China, Myanmar and Thailand.
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Comment/Acknowledgements:
The root is considered vermifuge and taeniafuge. It is a powerful diuretic, used in cholera and rheumatism. (Kirtikar & Basu l. c. 2499).
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Map Location:
A-8 Gilgit Dist.: Bur-Nalah, Khaltarow Haramosh, 3300 m, perennial herb, up to 110 cm tall, stem branched, berries black, 10 mm diameter, 28.07.2001, Sher Wali Khan 57 (KUH); B-7 Mansehra, 15.3.1952, S. M. A. Kazmi (KUH); Changla Gali, 9-10000 ft, Mohindra Nath (KUH); Hazara, Kaghan Valley, Naran, 7800 ft, 3 ft, creamy flowers, 24.6.1958, G. M. Arshad Ali 843 (E); Kashmir, Sonamarg, 9-10000 ft, 27.7.1922, R. R. Stewart s. n. (K); Nathia, June, 1909, H. Deane s. n. (K); Hazara, Dera Lal Khan, 9000 ft, 9.6.1896, Inayat 20227/a (K); Hazara, Mokhshpuri, 11.6.1851, T. Thomson 242 (K); Kaghan valley, near Besri Hut, 2690 m, in Abies forest, 29.5.1990, U. Schickhoff 337A (K); Ilobek-Tikohsar, Pallas-Kohistan, 2400-3200 m, on grassy slopes, fruit bright red, 7.9.1992, Rubina A. Rafiq 13754 (RAW); B-8 Tragbol, ± 9-10000 ft, 31.7.1919, R. R. Stewart 4758A (KUH); Kashmir, Sind Valley, Mohanmarg, 7500 ft, ravine beds in forest, flowers white, 7.6.1940, F. Ludlow & G. Sherriff (E); Kashmir, between Watoo and Kuligauna, 9.5.1847, J. E. Winterbottom 152 (K); Kashmir, Sind valley, 2-3 miles W. of Sonamarg, 8000 ft, in forest, 31.8.1956, O. Polunin 56/624 (BM); Kashmir, Sind valley, Mohanmarg, 7500 ft, in ravine beds in forest, 7.6.1940, Ludlow & Sherriff 8151 (BM); Kashmir, Islamabad to Palgam, Sept. 1880, A. P. Young (BM); Sonamarg, 8500 ft, 1.9.1876, C. B. Clarke 30874 C (BM); Kashmir, Sind valley, 7500-8500 ft, 26.8.1875, C. B. Clarke 27183 (BM); Kashmir, Kunslwer, 7500 ft, 21.7.1876, C. B. Clarke 29376 (BM); Changla Gali, Murree Hills 9000 ft, 29.5.1937, s. n. R. R. Stewart (RAW).
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Dioecious herb. Rootstock a short rhizome with fleshy swollen fasciculate roots up to 120 (-200) cm, glabrous, striate, ridged. Stem erect, herbaceous, unarmed. Cladodes in whorls 4-6 (-8), linear, falcate, 3-15 (-20) x 0.6-1 mm, flat. Flowers of both sexes solitary or paired, in the axil of cladode, in the middle or upper part of the stem. Pedicels slender, 1-2 cm, articulate, lower part slightly exceeding the upper part. Male flowers: perianth white, creamy or greenish, 2.5-3.5 mm. Filaments 1.5-2.0 mm, free, anthers 0.5-1.0 mm. Female flower: perianth 2 mm. Ovary 0.8-2.0 mm, style c. 0.2 mm, trilobed. Berry deep red-black, 5-6 mm in diameter.
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