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(Last Modified On 2/7/2013)
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(Last Modified On 2/7/2013)
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Species
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CISSAMPELOS PAREIRA L.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Spec. P1. 1031. 1753.
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Synonym
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Cissampelos pareira cr L., loc. cit. 1753. Cissampelos caapeba L. loc. cit. 1032. 1753. Cissampelos cocculus Poir. in Lam. Encycl. 5:9. 1804. Cissampelos heterophylla DC. Syst. 1:534. 1818. Cissampelos microcarpa DC. loc. cit. 1818. Cissampelos discolor DC. loc. cit. 1818. Cissampelos tomentosa DC. loc. cit. 1818. Cissampelos tamoides Willd. ex DC. loc. cit. 536. 1818. Cissampelos argentea H.B.K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5:67. 1821. Cissampelos guayaquilensis H.B.K. loc. cit. 1821. Cissampelos orinocensis H.B.K. loc. cit. 68. 1821. Cissampelos monoica St. Hil. Fl. Bras. Mer. 1:55. 1825. Cissampelos australis St. Hil. loc. cit. 56. 1825. Cissampelos haenkeana Presl. Rel. Haenk. 2:80. 1836. Cissampelos hirsutissima Presl. loc. cit. 1836. Cissampelos kohautiana Presl. loc. cit. 81. 1836. Cissampelos acuminata Benth. PI. Hartw. 445. 1839, not DC. Cissampelos canescens Miq. Sert. Exot. 7. t. 4 1842. Cissampelos glaucescens Triana & Planch. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4. 17:41. 1862. Cissampelos subreniformis Triana & Planch. loc. cit. 1862. Cissampelos longipes Miers, in Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 3. 17:134. 1866, nom. nud.; Contrib. Bot. 3:139. 1871. Cissampelos testudinaria Miers, loc. cit. 1866, nom. nud.; loc. cit. 143. 1871. Cissampelos limbata Miers, loc. cit. 1866, nom. nud.; loc. cit. 1871. Cissampelos benthamiana Miers, loc. cit. 1866, nom. nud.; loc. cit. 144. 1871. Cissampelos auriculata Miers, loc. cit. 135. 1866, nom. nud.; loc. cit. 158. 1871. Cissampelos hederacea Miers, loc. cit. 1866, nom. nud.; loc. cit. 159. 1871. Cissampelos consociata Miers, loc. cit. 1866, nom. nud.; loc. cit. 167. 1871. Cissampelos di/fusa Miers, loc. cit. 136. 1866, nom. nud.; loc. cit. 168. 1871. Cissampelos pareira var. 6. monoica Eichl. in Mart. El. Bras. 131:190. 1894. Cissampelos pareira f. reinformis and f. emarginato-mucronata Chod. & HassI. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. ser. 2. 3:420. 1903.
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Description
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Shrubby twiners; stems striate, glabrous to tomentose. Leaves petiolate, ob- scurely peltate or basifixed, broadly ovate, entire, the apex obtuse, rarely acuminate, frequently somewhat emarginate, mucronate, the base truncate or cordate, 2-12 cm. long and wide, membranous or papery, palmately 3- to 7-nerved, in youth more or less sericeous-tomentose on both sides, at length above more or less pubescent, rarely glabrous, below frequently paler, tomentose or pubescent, rarely entirely glabrous. Staminate inflorescence multiflowered fasciculate dichasia in the leaf axils, sometimes upon secondary axillary branches within the axils of reduced leaves or bracts; bracts of secondary branches basifixed, sessile or obscurely petiolate, ovate to subreniform, mucronate, about 1 cm. long and wide to minute, mem- branous, pubescent to tomentose; bracteoles linear, about 0.5 mm. long, pubescent. Staminate flowers: Sepals 4, ovate to obovate, exteriorly pubescent, 1.0-2.0 mm. long, 0.5-1.2 mm. wide; corolla campanulate, 0.8-1.8 mm. in diameter; anthers 4, glabrous. Pistillate inflorescence composed of individual flowers fasciculate upon secondary axillary branches within the axils of reduced leaves or bracts; bracts basifixed, sessile or obscurely petiolate, broadly ovate to reniform, mucronate, about 1.5 mm. long, 2.0 mm. wide to minute, membranous, puberulent to tomentose. Pistillate flowers: Sepal 1, obovate, 1.0-2.0 mm. long, 0.5-0.8 mm. wide, exteriorly pubescent; petal 1, broadly obovate to reniform, 0.5-0.8 mm. long, 0.7-1.5 mm. wide, glabrous or puberulent; carpel 1, gibbose, densely pubescent. Drupe broadly obo- vate or suborbicular, compressed, 4-5 mm. long, 3-4 mm. wide, pubescent or puberulent; endocarp verrucose, ribbed.
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Habit
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Shrub
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Distribution
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Southern Mexico, Central America, South America, Antilles, eastern Africa, India, Malaya, Indonesia, Philippines, northern Australia and Madagascar.
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Specimen
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BOCAS DEL TORO: Chiriqui Lagoon, Von Wedel 1309; Shepherd Island, Von Wedel 2691. CANAL ZONE: Barro Colorado Island, Aviles 921, 57, 888, Shattuck 476, Bailey & Bailey 575, Wetmore & Abbe 177, 178; Bismark above Penonom6, Williams 536; Balboa, Standley 25526; Chagres, Fendler 4; Chivi-Chivi Trail, 2 miles above Red Tank, Maxon & Harvey 6578; Darien Station, Standley 31642; Empire to Mandinga, Piper 5480; Gattun, Hayes 1035; Juan Mina, Piper 5688; Las Cascadas Plantation, near Summit, Standley 25672; in govern- ment forest along Las Cruces Trail, 75 m., Hunter & Allen 752; Mamei Hill, alt. 20 to 90 m., Pittier 3796; Obispo, Standley 31773; Rio Grande, near Culebra, alt. 50 to 100 m., Pittier 2092; Fort Kobbe road, Woodson, Allen & Seibert 1425, 1426; thickets north of Summit, Woodson, Allen & Seibert 766; vicinity of Miraflores, P. White 120, G. White 122; western slope of Anc6n Hill, Woodson, Allen & Seibert 1324; around Culebra, alt 50 to 150 m., Pittier 2218; Old Experiment Station, 3 miles east of Panama City, Maxon, Harvey & Valen- tine 7085. CHIRIQUi: Boquete, Davidson 611; Cerro Vaca, eastern Chiriqui, in forest or in thickets, alt. 900 to 1136 m., Pittier 5323. COCLL: El Valle de Ant6n, alt. 600 m., Allen 3705; mountains beyond La Pintada, 400-600 m., Hunter & Allen 581. DARIEN: locality missing, Macbride 2699. PANAMA: Bella Vista, Bro. Heriberto 221; vicinity of Bella Vista, Piper 5370; near Tapia River, Juan Diaz region, Maxon & Harvey 6760; Saballas, Bro. Paul 21, 40; Sabanas near Chepo, 30 m., Hunter & Allen 91.
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Note
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Diels divides Cissampelos pareira into nine varieties of which only two, var. ac. typica and var. y. haenkeana, occur in Panama. The former is characterized by having comparatively small, ovate, more or less peltate leaves which are pale be- low and m.ore or less pubescent or tomentose above and below. This is the most common variety and is pantropic in distribution. The latter variety has similar characteristics but differs in having a larger leaf, 4-9 cm. long and wide, which is obscurely peltate and rarely ovate. To avoid possible taxonomic confusion the remaining varieties will not be discussed as they have little or no bearing on the Panamanian flora. The synonomy for Cissampelos pareira has been restricted to American varieties for similar reasons.
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