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(Last Modified On 1/22/2013)
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(Last Modified On 1/22/2013)
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Species
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Ficus PERTUSA L. f.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Suppl. Plant. 442. 1781.
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Synonym
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Ficus padifolia HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2:47. 1817. Ficus com plicata HBK. loc. cit. 48. 1817. Ficus ciliolosa Link, Enum. P1. Berol. 2:450. 1822. Ficus myrtif olia Link, loc. cit. 1822. Ficus arbutif olia Link, loc. cit. 1 822. Ficus cestrifolia Schott, ex Spreng. Syst. Veg. ed. 16. 4 (App.) :409. 1827. Ficus lancifolia Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 310. 1841. Ficus subtriplinervia Mart. in Flora 24 (2 Beibl.) :67. 1841. Ficus arpazusa Casaretto, Nov. Stirp. Bras. 15. 1842. Ficus cerasifolia Kunth & Bouche, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 16. 1846. Ficus planicostata Kunth & Bouche, loc. cit. 1846. Ficus periplocaefolia Kunth & Bouche, loc. cit. 1846. Ficus consanguinea Kunth & Bouche, loc. cit. 1846. Urostigma erythrostictum Miquel, in Hooker, Lond. Journ. Bot. 6:540. 1847. Urostigma geminum Ruiz ex Miquel, in Hooker, Lond. Journ. Bot. 6:547. 1847. Urostigma scheideanurn Miquel, in Hooker, Lond. Journ Bot. 6:539. 1847. Pharmacosycea peruviana Miquel in Hooker, Lond. Journ. Bot. 7:72. 1848. Urostigma baccatum Liebm. in Kong. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. 5 ser. 2:327. 1851. Urostigma sapidum Liebm. in Kong. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. 5 ser. 9:327. 1851. Urostigma turbinatum Liebm. in Kong. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. 5 ser. 9:327. 1851. Urostigma sulcipes Miq. in Vers. Med. Akad. Amsterdam, 13:413. 1862. Ficus ochroleuca Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. Isl. 151. 1864. Ficus faydeni Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 3:219. 1867. Ficus baccata (Liebm.) Miq. loc. cit. 3:299. 1867. Ficus erythrosticta (Miq.) Miq. loc. cit. 3:298. 1867. Ficus liebmanniana Miq. loc. cit. 1867. Ficus gemina (Ruiz, ex Miq.) Miq. loc. cit. 1867. Ficus sapida (Liebm.) Miq. loc. cit. 1867. Ficus sulcipes (Miq.) Miq. loc. cit. 1867. Ficus turbinata (Liebm.) Miq. loc. cit. 1867. Ficus fasciculata S. Wats. in Proc. Amer. Acad. 24:78. 1889, non King (1888). Ficus sonorae S. Wats. loc. cit. 1889. Ficus immersa Warb. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 59 (Mem. 3) :641. 1912. (1913), nom. nud. Ficus palmicida Pittier, in Bol. Soc. Venez. Cienc. Nat. 430:69. 1937. Ficus peruviana (Miq.) Rossb. in Fedde, Repert. 43:61. 1937. Ficus kanukuensis Standl. in Lloydia. 2:174. 1939. Ficus tarapotina Warburg,
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Description
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Large spreading trees to 30 m. or more tall. Twigs 1-2 mm. in diameter, glabrous, or pubescent, developing a yellowish grey periderm. Stipules 5-7 mm. long, narrowly deltoid, glabrous or minutely puberulent. Lamina 1-5 cm. wide X 2.5-12 cm. long, elliptic or lanceolate; apex bluntly acute, acute or acuminate, the acumen 5-20 mm. long; base commonly cuneate, sometimes rounded cuneate, seldom rounded and slightly emarginate; lateral veins (4-) 6-12, departing from the midrib at an angle from 20?-600; intercostals somewhat raised. Petiole 5-30 mm. long, '/5-'/8 (-'A 2) as long as the lamina. Figs 5-18 mm. in diameter, globose, glabrous, borne among the leaves; color pink or yellow or green with brown flecks; peduncle 2-5 mm. long, glabrous; basal bracts 1-4 mm. long, semi- circular, glabrous; ostiole 1-2 mm. in diameter, crateriform, the bracts sunken into the receptacle or surrounded by a raised ring of receptacular tissue.
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Habit
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trees
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Distribution
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Southern Mexico and Jamaica to Paraguay. In lowland to highland forests and savannas.
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Common
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Mata palo higuito
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Specimen
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BOCAS DEL TORO: Changuinola Valley, Dunlap 350- CANAL ZONE: Barro Colorado Island, Aviles 47, Salvoza 910, Bangham 444. CHIRIQui: Boquete, Davidson 652, Pittier 2889.
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Note
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This, and Ficus citrifolia are undoubtedly the most widespread of the American species of the genus. This species, which is immediately recognized by its peculiar crateriform ostiole and narrowly lanceolate or elliptic leaves, differs from F. citrifolia in being absent from all of the West Indies except Jamaica, and being very common in Mexico and Central America (The Jamaican population is obviously related to the Central American!). There is a very definite distinction between populations on the basis of fruit size, but there is no sharp discontinuity either in measurements or in geography. In general, however, it can be said that the populations on the Caribbean coast of South America from Venezuela east to the Amazon, and in the Amazon basin, are relatively small fruited, while the Jamaican, Mexican, Central American, and southern and central Brazilian popu- lations are relatively large fruited. With a few exceptions, in the island of Jamaica, the Brazilian population has larger figs than the Central American. This seems to me a peculiar, and probably quite significant pattern of distribution, but of what, or how, I cannot say. It goes without saying that an intensive study of this species in the field should be most rewarding. The synonymy of this species is extensive but relatively simple. The name Ficus pertusa is based on a specimen from Surinam which represents the small fruited populations of that area. F. subtriplinervia, F. erythrosticta, F. gemina, F. tarapotina and F. kanukuensis all refer to this same general population. F. padifolia is the earliest name for the relatively large fruited populations in Colombia, Central America, Mexico and Jamaica. F. complicata, F. lancifolia, F. ochroleuca, F. faydeni, F. baccata, F. sulcipes, F. sapida and F. turbinata all refer to the same general population. Ficus arpazusa is the earliest name for the plants of south Brazilian and eastern Peruvian regions, which Warburg called F. immersa.
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