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(Last Modified On 2/4/2013)
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(Last Modified On 2/4/2013)
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Species
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ONCIDIUM AMPLIATUM Lindl.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Gen. & Sp. Orch. Pl. 202. 1833.
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Synonym
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Oncidium Bernoullianum Kranzl. in Engler, Pflazenr. IV, Fam. 50 (Heft 80) :231. 1922.
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Description
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Epiphytic herbs with ovoid to suborbicular, strongly compressed, or sometimes angular, pseudobulbs which are often longitudinally ridged and transversely wrinkled, 3-12 cm. tall and 3-9 cm. wide, usually flecked with red or brown, rarely entirely raisin-purple, the apex with 1-3 leaves, the base enveloped in sev- eral papery, imbricating bracts. Leaves elliptic-oblanceolate to ligular, obtuse to subacute, coriaceous, 8-40 cm. long and 3-12 cm. wide, contracted below into short conduplicate petioles. Inflorescences 1 or 2 erect or arching, few- to many- flowered racemes or panicles conspicuously exceeding the leaves in length, produced laterally from the bases of the pseudobulbs. Flowers variable in size but averaging about 2.5 cm. in diameter, bright yellow, nearly white on the reverse surfaces, the sepals spotted with reddish brown, the callus white spotted red. Sepals free, sub- equal, spreading, oblong-spatulate, obtuse, the dilated apices deeply concave, 6-10 mm. long and 3.5-5 mm. wide. Petals much broader than the sepals, clawed at the base, with flat suborbicular blades, 7-11 mm. long and 5-9 mm. wide. Lip very broadly spreading, 3-lobed, 1.5-2 cm. long and 2-3 cm. wide, the lateral lobes relatively small, subauriculate, obtuse, the central portion of the lip with a short constriction, the mid-lobe abruptly dilated, deeply emarginate and 2-lobed, transversely oblong or reniform, the base of the lip contracted into a short claw and adnate to the base of the column, the disk with an erect, fleshy callus, sur- mounted by a transverse biauriculate plate and terminating at the apex in a promi- nent tridenticulate process. Column very short, 3-4 mm. long, the apex with 3 denticulate wings, the base without a foot.
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Distribution
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Guatemala to Peru, Venezuela, and Trinidad.
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Specimen
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CANAL ZONE: Chagres, sea level, Fendler 331; near Culebra, 50-100 m., Pittier 3397; Cruces, sea level, Powell 3199; Barro Colorado Island, Gatun Lake, Woodworth & Vestal 706, Shattuck 203; Frijoles, Powell 3211; McComber Hill, 300 ft., Powell 3200. PANAMA: near Bejuco, 100 ft., G. Fairchild s.n. COCLE: near La Pintada, 150 m., Allen 3918. VERAGUAS: Bahia Honda, Taylor 1512.
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Note
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An attractive lowland species with bright yellow flowers, widely distributed in the American tropics. In Panama they were formerly very frequent in the Chagres River valley, and in general along streams where they were often found high on the trunks and branches of the common Espave (Anacardium excelsum). The larger-flowered forms are often offered for sale under the name of Oncidium ampliatum var. majus.
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