Habitat:
Hills and mountains, mostly on light-coloured calcareous Rendzina soils at 100-1,000 m. a.s.l. Colonizing artificial cliffs near newly constracted roads, in abandoned fields, in lands dominated by semi-shrubs and almost devoid of annuals (possibly due to allelopathy), and anywhere near pine plantations. Commonly has been used for afforestation. Coastal Galilee, Upper Galilee, Mt. Carmel, Samaria, Judean Mts. (feral?), Upper Jordan Valley (probably feral), Golan, Gilead, Ammon.
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