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  • Echinochloa composita J. Presl ex Nees
    • Reference article Hitchcock, A. S. 1951. Man. Grasses U.S. (ed. 2) 1–1051. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.
    • Reference article Kellogg, E. A., J. R. Abbott, K. S. Bawa, K. N. Gandhi, B.R. Kailash, K.N. Ganeshaiah, U.B. Shrestha & P. H. Raven. 2020. Checklist of the grasses of India. PhytoKeys 163: 1–560.
  • Echinochloa crus-galli fo. sabulonum (Trin.) Farw.
  • Echinochloa crus-galli var. crus-pavonis (Kunth) Hitchc.
    • Reference article Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. (eds.) 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45: i–xl, 1–1286.
    • Reference article Clayton, W. D. & S. A. Renvoize. 1982. Gramineae (Part 3). 451–898. In W. B. Turrill & R. M. Polhill (eds.) Fl. Trop. E. Africa. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam.
    • Reference article Davidse, G., M. Sousa Sánchez & A.O. Chater. 1994. Alismataceae a Cyperaceae. 6: i–xvi, 1-543. In G. Davidse, M. Sousa Sánchez & A.O. Chater (eds.) Fl. Mesoamer.. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D. F.
    • Reference article Hammel, B. E., M. H. Grayum, C. Herrera Mora & N. Zamora. 2020-onward. Taxonomic and editorial changes made by the general editors to the on-line version of Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica. MPCR Vers. Internet MPCR
    • Reference article Hitchcock, A. S. 1936. Man. Grasses W. Ind. 1–439. United States Government Printing Office, Washington.
    • Reference article Hokche, O., P. E. Berry & O. Huber. (eds.) 2008. Nuevo Cat. Fl. Vasc. Venez. 1–859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela, Caracas.
    • Reference article Jørgensen, P. M., M. H. Nee & S. G. Beck. 2014. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. 127(1–2): i–viii, 1–1744. In P. M. Jørgensen, M. H. Nee & S. G. Beck (eds.) Cat. Pl. Vasc. Bolivia, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard.. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
    • Reference article Jørgensen, P. M., M. H. Nee, S. G. Beck & A.F. Fuentes. 2015 en adelante. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia (actualizaciones en línea).
    • Reference article Judziewicz, E. J. 1990. Family 187. Poaceae (Gramineae). 8: 1–727. In A. R. A. Görts-van Rijn (ed.) Fl. Guianas, ser. A, Phanerog.. Koeltz Scientific Books, Königstein.
    • Reference article Killeen, T. J. 1990. The grasses of Chiquitania, Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 77(1): 125–201. View in BotanicusView in Biodiversity Heritage Library
    • Reference article Morales, J. F. 2003. Poaceae. En: Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica. Vol. III. B.E. Hammel, M.H. Grayum, C. Herrera & N. Zamora (eds.). Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 93(3): 598–821.
    • Reference article Pohl, R. W. 1994. 121. Echinochloa P. Beauv. 6: 329–330. In G. Davidse, M. Sousa Sánchez & A.O. Chater (eds.) Fl. Mesoamer.. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D. F.
    • Reference article Stevens, W. D., C. Ulloa Ulloa, A. Pool & O. M. Montiel Jarquín. 2001. Flora de Nicaragua. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 85: i–xlii,.
  • Echinochloa crus-galli var. crus-pavonis (Kunth) Hitchc.
    • Reference article Hitchcock, A. S. 1951. Man. Grasses U.S. (ed. 2) 1–1051. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.
    • Reference article Rosengurtt, B., B. R. A. Maffei & P. I. Artucio. 1970. Gram. Urug. [i–vii], 1–489. Universidad de la República, Montevideo.
    • Reference article Smith, L. B., D. C. Wasshausen & R. M. Klein. 1982. Gramíneas. Gêneros: 45. Deschampsia até 84. Pseudechinolaena. 1(GRAM): 443–906. In P. R. Reitz (ed.) Fl. Il. Catarin.. Herbário "Barbosa Rodrigues", Itajaí, Brasil.
  • Echinochloa sabulicola (Nees) Hitchc.
    • Reference article Gould, F. W. & R. Moran. 1981. The grasses of Baja California, Mexico. Mem. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. 12: 1–140.
    • Reference article Hitchcock, A. S. 1936. Man. Grasses W. Ind. 1–439. United States Government Printing Office, Washington.
    • Reference article Hitchcock, A. S. 1951. Man. Grasses U.S. (ed. 2) 1–1051. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.
    • Reference article Killeen, T. J. 1990. The grasses of Chiquitania, Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 77(1): 125–201. View in BotanicusView in Biodiversity Heritage Library
    • Reference article McVaugh, R. 1983. Gramineae. 14: 1–436. In R. McVaugh (ed.) Fl. Novo-Galiciana. The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
    • Reference article Smith, L. B., D. C. Wasshausen & R. M. Klein. 1982. Gramíneas. Gêneros: 45. Deschampsia até 84. Pseudechinolaena. 1(GRAM): 443–906. In P. R. Reitz (ed.) Fl. Il. Catarin.. Herbário "Barbosa Rodrigues", Itajaí, Brasil.
    • Reference article Torres, M. A. 1970. Leersia. In: A. L. Cabrera (ed.), Gramíneas. 4(2): 39. In A. L. Cabrera (ed.) Fl. Prov. Buenos Aires. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires.
  • Echinochloa zelayensis var. subaristata Wiegand
  • Oplismenus angustifolius E. Fourn.
    • Reference article Hitchcock, A. S. 1951. Man. Grasses U.S. (ed. 2) 1–1051. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.
    • Reference article Kellogg, E. A., J. R. Abbott, K. S. Bawa, K. N. Gandhi, B.R. Kailash, K.N. Ganeshaiah, U.B. Shrestha & P. H. Raven. 2020. Checklist of the grasses of India. PhytoKeys 163: 1–560.
  • Oplismenus cruspavonis Kunth
    • Reference article Rosengurtt, B., B. R. A. Maffei & P. I. Artucio. 1970. Gram. Urug. [i–vii], 1–489. Universidad de la República, Montevideo.
    • Reference article Smith, L. B., D. C. Wasshausen & R. M. Klein. 1982. Gramíneas. Gêneros: 45. Deschampsia até 84. Pseudechinolaena. 1(GRAM): 443–906. In P. R. Reitz (ed.) Fl. Il. Catarin.. Herbário "Barbosa Rodrigues", Itajaí, Brasil.
  • Oplismenus crus-pavonis Kunth
    • Reference article Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. (eds.) 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45: i–xl, 1–1286.
    • Reference article Carnevali, G., J. L. Tapia-Muñoz, R. Duno de Stefano & I. M. Ramírez Morillo. 2010. Fl. Ilustr. Peníns. Yucatán 1–326. Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Mérida. view
    • Reference article Clayton, W. D. & S. A. Renvoize. 1982. Gramineae (Part 3). 451–898. In W. B. Turrill & R. M. Polhill (eds.) Fl. Trop. E. Africa. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam.
    • Reference article Davidse, G., M. Sousa Sánchez & A.O. Chater. 1994. Alismataceae a Cyperaceae. 6: i–xvi, 1-543. In G. Davidse, M. Sousa Sánchez & A.O. Chater (eds.) Fl. Mesoamer.. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D. F.
    • Reference article Funk, V. A., T. H. Hollowell, P. E. Berry, C. L. Kelloff & S. Alexander. 2007. Checklist of the plants of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 55: 1–584. View in Biodiversity Heritage Library
    • Reference article Gould, F. W. 1979. Poaceae. In R. A. Howard (ed.). Fl. Lesser Antilles 3: 25–220.
    • Reference article Hammel, B. E., M. H. Grayum, C. Herrera Mora & N. Zamora. 2020-onward. Taxonomic and editorial changes made by the general editors to the on-line version of Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica. MPCR Vers. Internet MPCR
    • Reference article Hitchcock, A. S. 1936. Man. Grasses W. Ind. 1–439. United States Government Printing Office, Washington.
    • Reference article Hitchcock, A. S. 1951. Man. Grasses U.S. (ed. 2) 1–1051. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.
    • Reference article Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez. (eds.) 1999. Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75: i–viii, 1–1181.
    • Reference article Jørgensen, P. M., M. H. Nee & S. G. Beck. 2014. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. 127(1–2): i–viii, 1–1744. In P. M. Jørgensen, M. H. Nee & S. G. Beck (eds.) Cat. Pl. Vasc. Bolivia, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard.. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
    • Reference article Jørgensen, P. M., M. H. Nee, S. G. Beck & A.F. Fuentes. 2015 en adelante. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia (actualizaciones en línea).
    • Reference article Judziewicz, E. J. 1990. Family 187. Poaceae (Gramineae). 8: 1–727. In A. R. A. Görts-van Rijn (ed.) Fl. Guianas, ser. A, Phanerog.. Koeltz Scientific Books, Königstein.
    • Reference article Kellogg, E. A., J. R. Abbott, K. S. Bawa, K. N. Gandhi, B.R. Kailash, K.N. Ganeshaiah, U.B. Shrestha & P. H. Raven. 2020. Checklist of the grasses of India. PhytoKeys 163: 1–560.
    • Reference article Killeen, T. J. 1990. The grasses of Chiquitania, Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 77(1): 125–201. View in BotanicusView in Biodiversity Heritage Library
    • Reference article McVaugh, R. 1983. Gramineae. 14: 1–436. In R. McVaugh (ed.) Fl. Novo-Galiciana. The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
    • Reference article Morales, J. F. 2003. Poaceae. En: Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica. Vol. III. B.E. Hammel, M.H. Grayum, C. Herrera & N. Zamora (eds.). Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 93(3): 598–821.
    • Reference article Morrone, O., A. M. Anton & F. O. Zuloaga. 1995. Axonopus. Fl. Fan. Argent. 19(1): 11–16.
    • Reference article Phillips, S. M. 1995. Poaceae (Gramineae). Fl. Ethiopia 7: i–xx, 1–420.
    • Reference article Pohl, R. W. 1980. Family 15. Gramineae. In: W. C. Burger, (ed.), Flora Costaricensis. Fieldiana, Bot., n.s. 4: 1–608. View in Biodiversity Heritage Library
    • Reference article Pohl, R. W. 1994. 121. Echinochloa P. Beauv. 6: 329–330. In G. Davidse, M. Sousa Sánchez & A.O. Chater (eds.) Fl. Mesoamer.. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D. F.
    • Reference article Renvoize, S. A. 1984. Grass. Bahia 1–301. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
    • Reference article Renvoize, S. A. 1998. Gram. Bolivia 1–644. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
    • Reference article Sánchez, E. 1969. Echinochloa, Cenchrus. In: A. Burkart, Fl. Il. Entre Rios. 2: 336–348,. In A. E. Burkart (ed.) Fl. Il. Entre Ríos. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires.
    • Reference article Stevens, W. D., C. Ulloa Ulloa, A. Pool & O. M. Montiel Jarquín. 2001. Flora de Nicaragua. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 85: i–xlii,.
    • Reference article Steyermark, J. A. 1995. Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana Project.
    • Reference article Torres, M. A. 1970. Leersia. In: A. L. Cabrera (ed.), Gramíneas. 4(2): 39. In A. L. Cabrera (ed.) Fl. Prov. Buenos Aires. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires.
    • Reference article Zon, A. P. M. v. 1992. Graminées du Cameroun. Wageningen Agric. Univ. Pap. 92–1(2): 1–557.
    • Reference article Zuloaga, F. O., O. Morrone, M. J. Belgrano, C. F. S. Marticorena & E. Marchesi. (eds.) 2008. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares del Cono Sur. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 107(1–3): i–xcvi, 1–3348.
    • Reference article Zuloaga, F. O., O. Morrone, Z. E. R. Agrasar, A. M. Anton, M. O. Arriaga & A. M. Cialdella. 1994. Gramineae V. Panicoideae, Paniceae, Acroceras Stapf--Panicum L. 23: i–iv, 1–327. In G. F. Bocquet & M. R. Crosby (eds.) Fl. Paraguay. Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques de la Ville de Genève & Missouri Botanical Garden, Geneva & St. Louis.
  • Oplismenus jamaicensis Kunth
    • Reference article Hitchcock, A. S. 1936. Man. Grasses W. Ind. 1–439. United States Government Printing Office, Washington.
    • Reference article Hitchcock, A. S. 1951. Man. Grasses U.S. (ed. 2) 1–1051. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.
    • Reference article Kellogg, E. A., J. R. Abbott, K. S. Bawa, K. N. Gandhi, B.R. Kailash, K.N. Ganeshaiah, U.B. Shrestha & P. H. Raven. 2020. Checklist of the grasses of India. PhytoKeys 163: 1–560.
  • Oplismenus sabulicola (Nees) Kunth
  • Oplismenus sabulicolus Kunth
    • Reference article Kellogg, E. A., J. R. Abbott, K. S. Bawa, K. N. Gandhi, B.R. Kailash, K.N. Ganeshaiah, U.B. Shrestha & P. H. Raven. 2020. Checklist of the grasses of India. PhytoKeys 163: 1–560.
  • Panicum aristatum Macfad.
    • Reference article Hitchcock, A. S. 1936. Man. Grasses W. Ind. 1–439. United States Government Printing Office, Washington.
    • Reference article Hitchcock, A. S. 1951. Man. Grasses U.S. (ed. 2) 1–1051. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.
    • Reference article Kellogg, E. A., J. R. Abbott, K. S. Bawa, K. N. Gandhi, B.R. Kailash, K.N. Ganeshaiah, U.B. Shrestha & P. H. Raven. 2020. Checklist of the grasses of India. PhytoKeys 163: 1–560.
  • Panicum colonum var. bussei Pilg. ex Peter
    • Reference article Clayton, W. D. & S. A. Renvoize. 1982. Gramineae (Part 3). 451–898. In W. B. Turrill & R. M. Polhill (eds.) Fl. Trop. E. Africa. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam.
  • Panicum crus-galli var. aristatum G. Mey.
    • Reference article Funk, V. A., T. H. Hollowell, P. E. Berry, C. L. Kelloff & S. Alexander. 2007. Checklist of the plants of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 55: 1–584. View in Biodiversity Heritage Library
    • Reference article Judziewicz, E. J. 1990. Family 187. Poaceae (Gramineae). 8: 1–727. In A. R. A. Görts-van Rijn (ed.) Fl. Guianas, ser. A, Phanerog.. Koeltz Scientific Books, Königstein.
  • Panicum crus-galli var. sabulicola (Nees) Döll
    • Reference article Hitchcock, A. S. 1951. Man. Grasses U.S. (ed. 2) 1–1051. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.
    • Reference article Morrone, O., A. M. Anton & F. O. Zuloaga. 1995. Axonopus. Fl. Fan. Argent. 19(1): 11–16.
    • Reference article Rosengurtt, B., B. R. A. Maffei & P. I. Artucio. 1970. Gram. Urug. [i–vii], 1–489. Universidad de la República, Montevideo.
    • Reference article Smith, L. B., D. C. Wasshausen & R. M. Klein. 1982. Gramíneas. Gêneros: 45. Deschampsia até 84. Pseudechinolaena. 1(GRAM): 443–906. In P. R. Reitz (ed.) Fl. Il. Catarin.. Herbário "Barbosa Rodrigues", Itajaí, Brasil.
  • Panicum crus-galli var. sabulicola (Nees) Trin.
    • Reference article Hitchcock, A. S. 1951. Man. Grasses U.S. (ed. 2) 1–1051. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.
    • Reference article Smith, L. B., D. C. Wasshausen & R. M. Klein. 1982. Gramíneas. Gêneros: 45. Deschampsia até 84. Pseudechinolaena. 1(GRAM): 443–906. In P. R. Reitz (ed.) Fl. Il. Catarin.. Herbário "Barbosa Rodrigues", Itajaí, Brasil.
    • Reference article Zuloaga, F. O., O. Morrone, M. J. Belgrano, C. F. S. Marticorena & E. Marchesi. (eds.) 2008. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares del Cono Sur. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 107(1–3): i–xcvi, 1–3348.
  • Panicum cruspavonis (Kunth) Nees
    • Reference article Clayton, W. D. & S. A. Renvoize. 1982. Gramineae (Part 3). 451–898. In W. B. Turrill & R. M. Polhill (eds.) Fl. Trop. E. Africa. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam.
    • Reference article Hitchcock, A. S. 1936. Man. Grasses W. Ind. 1–439. United States Government Printing Office, Washington.
    • Reference article Hitchcock, A. S. 1951. Man. Grasses U.S. (ed. 2) 1–1051. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.
    • Reference article Phillips, S. M. 1995. Poaceae (Gramineae). Fl. Ethiopia 7: i–xx, 1–420.
    • Reference article Renvoize, S. A. 1984. Grass. Bahia 1–301. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
    • Reference article Smith, L. B., D. C. Wasshausen & R. M. Klein. 1982. Gramíneas. Gêneros: 45. Deschampsia até 84. Pseudechinolaena. 1(GRAM): 443–906. In P. R. Reitz (ed.) Fl. Il. Catarin.. Herbário "Barbosa Rodrigues", Itajaí, Brasil.
  • Panicum cruspavonis var. rostratum Stapf
    • Reference article Clayton, W. D. & S. A. Renvoize. 1982. Gramineae (Part 3). 451–898. In W. B. Turrill & R. M. Polhill (eds.) Fl. Trop. E. Africa. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam.
    • Reference article Phillips, S. M. 1995. Poaceae (Gramineae). Fl. Ethiopia 7: i–xx, 1–420.
  • Panicum horridum Salzm. ex Steud.
    • Reference article Renvoize, S. A. 1984. Grass. Bahia 1–301. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Panicum jamaicense (Kunth) Steud.
    • Reference article Hitchcock, A. S. 1936. Man. Grasses W. Ind. 1–439. United States Government Printing Office, Washington.
    • Reference article Hitchcock, A. S. 1951. Man. Grasses U.S. (ed. 2) 1–1051. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.
    • Reference article Kellogg, E. A., J. R. Abbott, K. S. Bawa, K. N. Gandhi, B.R. Kailash, K.N. Ganeshaiah, U.B. Shrestha & P. H. Raven. 2020. Checklist of the grasses of India. PhytoKeys 163: 1–560.
  • Panicum sabulicola Nees
    • Reference article Gould, F. W. 1979. Poaceae. In R. A. Howard (ed.). Fl. Lesser Antilles 3: 25–220.
    • Reference article Hitchcock, A. S. 1936. Man. Grasses W. Ind. 1–439. United States Government Printing Office, Washington.
    • Reference article Hitchcock, A. S. 1951. Man. Grasses U.S. (ed. 2) 1–1051. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.
    • Reference article Killeen, T. J. 1990. The grasses of Chiquitania, Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 77(1): 125–201. View in BotanicusView in Biodiversity Heritage Library
    • Reference article McVaugh, R. 1983. Gramineae. 14: 1–436. In R. McVaugh (ed.) Fl. Novo-Galiciana. The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
    • Reference article Rosengurtt, B., B. R. A. Maffei & P. I. Artucio. 1970. Gram. Urug. [i–vii], 1–489. Universidad de la República, Montevideo.
    • Reference article Smith, L. B., D. C. Wasshausen & R. M. Klein. 1982. Gramíneas. Gêneros: 45. Deschampsia até 84. Pseudechinolaena. 1(GRAM): 443–906. In P. R. Reitz (ed.) Fl. Il. Catarin.. Herbário "Barbosa Rodrigues", Itajaí, Brasil.
    • Reference article Torres, M. A. 1970. Leersia. In: A. L. Cabrera (ed.), Gramíneas. 4(2): 39. In A. L. Cabrera (ed.) Fl. Prov. Buenos Aires. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires.
  • Panicum sabulicolum Nees
    • Reference article Kellogg, E. A., J. R. Abbott, K. S. Bawa, K. N. Gandhi, B.R. Kailash, K.N. Ganeshaiah, U.B. Shrestha & P. H. Raven. 2020. Checklist of the grasses of India. PhytoKeys 163: 1–560.
  • Panicum subulicola Nees
    • Reference article Morrone, O., A. M. Anton & F. O. Zuloaga. 1995. Axonopus. Fl. Fan. Argent. 19(1): 11–16.
    • Reference article Soreng, R. J., G. Davidse, P. M. Peterson, F. O. Zuloaga, E. J. Judziewicz, T. S. Filgueiras & O. Morrone. 2003 and onwards. On-line taxonomic novelties and updates, distributional additions and corrections, and editorial changes since the four published volumes of the Catalogue of New World Grasses (Poaceae) published in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. vols. 39, 41, 46, and 48. http://www.tropicos.org/Project/CNWG:. In R. J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P. M. Peterson, F. O. Zuloaga, T. S. Filgueiras, E. J. Judziewicz & O. Morrone (eds.) Internet Cat. New World Grasses. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.
    • Reference article Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone. 2003. Echinochloa. In Catalogue of New World Grasses (Poaceae): III. Subfamilies Panicoideae, Aristidoideae, Arundinoideae, and Danthonioideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 46: 215–224. View in BotanicusView in Biodiversity Heritage Library
 
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