Accepted By:
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Döll, J. C. 1877. Gramineae I. Paniceae. 2(2B): 34–342,. In C. F. P. von Martius (ed.) Fl. Bras.. F. Fleischer, Monachii & Lipsiae.

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Forzza, R. C. 2010. Lista de espécies Flora do Brasil http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2010. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro.
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Funk, V. A., T. H. Hollowell, P. E. Berry, C. L. Kelloff & S. Alexander. 2007. Checklist of the plants of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 55: 1–584.
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Hokche, O., P. E. Berry & O. Huber. (eds.) 2008. Nuevo Cat. Fl. Vasc. Venez. 1–859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela, Caracas.
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Judziewicz, E. J. 1990. Family 187. Poaceae (Gramineae). 8: 1–727. In A. R. A. Görts-van Rijn (ed.) Fl. Guianas, ser. A, Phanerog.. Koeltz Scientific Books, Königstein.
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Soreng, R. J., G. Davidse, P. M. Peterson, F. O. Zuloaga, E. J. Judziewicz, T. S. Filgueiras & O. Morrone. 2003 and onwards. On-line taxonomic novelties and updates, distributional additions and corrections, and editorial changes since the four published volumes of the Catalogue of New World Grasses (Poaceae) published in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. vols. 39, 41, 46, and 48. http://www.tropicos.org/Project/CNWG:. In R. J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P. M. Peterson, F. O. Zuloaga, T. S. Filgueiras, E. J. Judziewicz & O. Morrone (eds.) Internet Cat. New World Grasses. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.
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Steyermark, J. A. 1995. Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana Project.
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Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone. 2003. Panicum. 46: 306–441. In F. O. Zuloaga, O. Morrone, G. Davidse, T. S. Filgueiras, P. M. Peterson, R. J. Soreng & E. J. Judziewicz (eds.) Catalogue of New World Grasses (Poaceae): III. Subfamilies Panicoideae, Aristidoideae, Arundinoideae, and Danthonioideae, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb.. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
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