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Published In: Rhodora 17(198): 106. 1915. (Rhodora) Name publication detailView in BotanicusView in Biodiversity Heritage Library
 

Project Name Data (Last Modified On 7/9/2009)
Acceptance : Accepted
Project Data     (Last Modified On 7/9/2009)
Status: Native

 

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4. Echinochloa muricata (P. Beauv.) Fernald (barnyard grass)

Pl. 163 a, b; Map 657

Flowering stems 15–150 cm long, slender to stout, erect or ascending from often spreading bases, less commonly spreading. Leaf sheaths glabrous (rarely with a few hairs at the tip). Leaf blades 4–40 cm long, 5–30 mm wide, glabrous (rarely with a few hairs at the base). Inflorescences 7–30 cm long, the main primary branches 2–8 cm long, ascending to less commonly spreading and relatively densely spaced (rarely spreading at maturity), mostly strongly overlapping along the main axis, all but the uppermost with several short, secondary branches. Spikelets 2.8–5.0 mm long (excluding the awns), elliptic‑ovate in outline, green to dark purple at maturity. Upper glume 2.8–4.8 mm long (excluding the awn, if present), ovate, tapered at the tip to a sharp point or an awn 1–3 mm long, sparsely to densely hairy, at least along the nerves, the hairs all or mostly with pustular bases. Sterile floret with the palea well developed and 2/3–3/4 as long as the lemma, the lemma 2.8–5.0 mm long (excluding the awn, if present), ovate, tapered at the tip to a sharp point or an awn 1–16 mm long, sparsely to densely hairy, at least along the nerves, the hairs all or mostly with pustular bases. Fertile floret with the lemma 2.4–5.0 mm long, up to 2 times as long as wide, ovate to elliptic‑ovate, the tip relatively firm, usually unwrinkled and not withering at maturity, narrow and sharply pointed, without a line of minute hairs at the base. Anthers 0.4–1.0 mm long. 2n=36. July–October.

Common nearly throughout the state (U.S., Canada, Mexico). Bottomland forests, mesic upland forests, bottomland prairies, moist depressions of upland prairies, margins of ponds, sinkhole ponds, lakes, and sloughs, and banks of streams and rivers, often in disturbed, sandy areas; also pastures, fallow fields, crop fields, ditches, roadsides, railroads, and open, disturbed areas.

This is the part of the E. crusgalli complex that is native to North America. Most Missouri specimens can be assigned to one of two overlapping varieties.

 

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1 1. Spikelets 2.8–3.5 mm long (excluding the awns); lemma of the sterile floret awnless or with an awn 1–6(–10) mm long...4A. VAR. MICROSTACHYA

Echinochloa muricata var. microstachya
2 1. Spikelets 3.5–5.0 mm long (excluding the awns); lemma of the sterile floret with an awn 6–30 mm long, rarely awnless...4B. VAR. MURICATA Echinochloa muricata (P. Beauv.) Fernald var. muricata
 


 

 
 
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