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Project Name Data (Last Modified On 1/22/2013)
 

Flora Data (Last Modified On 1/22/2013)
Species ROUPALA MONTANA Aubl.
PlaceOfPublication Pl. Guyan. Franc. 1:83. 1775.
Synonym Roupala pyrifolia Salisb. & Knight, in Knight Prot. 102. 1809. Rhopala media R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 10: 191. 1810. Rhopala dentata R. Br. loc. cit. 192. 1810. Rhopala complicata Kunth, in HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2:153, t. I19. 1817. Rhopala ovalis Pohl, P1. Bras. Ic. 1:107, t. 86. 1827. Rhopala macropoda Klotzsch & Karst. in Linnaea 20:473. 1847. Rhopala gardneri Meissn. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 51:83, t. 31, f. I. 1855. Rhopala martii Meissn. loc. cit. 87, t. 32, f. 3. 1855. Rhopala martii var. simplicifolia Meissn. loc. cit. 1855. Rhopala frondosa Rich. ex Meissn. in DC. Prod. 14:427. 1856, in syn. Rhopala tomentosa a integrifolia Meissn. loc. cit. 428. 1856. Rhopala boissieriana Meissn. loc. cit. 430. 1856. Rhopala veraguensis Klotzsch, ex Meissn. loc. cit. 435. 1856, in synon. Roupala borealis Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Am. Bot. 3:78, t. 76. 1882. Roupala darienensis Pittier, in Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18:228. 1917. Roupala panamensis Pittier, loc. cit. 229. 1917. Roupala discolor Rusby, Descr. N. Sp. Am. P1. 12. 1920. Roupala dissimilis Pittier, Bol. Soc. Venez. Cienc. Nat. 5:303. 1939. Roupala repanda Lundell, in Am. Midl. Nat. 29:472. 1943. Roupala montana var. dentata (R. Br.) Sleumer, in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 76:173. 1954.
Description Trees to 20 m. tall, the young stems terete, ferrugineous-strigillose and glabres- cent. Leaves heteromorphic; juvenile leaves pinnately compound, generally larger than the adult forms, the number of leaflets extremely variable even on a single branchlet, margin generally coarsely serrate or sometimes undulate, the veins con- spicuous; adult leaves ovate, 5-12 cm. long, 2-9 cm. broad, acute or acuminate at the apex, cuneate to more or less obtuse at the base and often decurrent upon the petiole, subcoriaceous or coriaceous, ferrugineous-strigillose and glabrescent above and below, the costa plane to immersed above, emersed below, the primary lateral veins numerous, conspicuous, the margin entire, undulate to variously dentate or serrate, often repand; petiole 1-6 cm. long. Inflorescence racemose, terminal or more often axillary, multi-flowered, the rhachis 6-15 (-18) cm. long, tomentose, the flowers borne singly or in pairs. Tepals linear-oblanceolate, 7.0-8.5 mm. long, about 1 mm. broad, widely reflexed, strigillose without, glabrous within; stamens inserted about at the middle of the perianth, the anthers linear-oblong, 2-3 mm. long, 0.5 mm. broad, the filaments about 0.5 mm. long, glabrous; hypogynous glands about 0.5 mm. tall, carnose, glabrous; ovary about 1 mm. long, 1 mm. in diameter, densely strigose, the style about 3 mm. long, glabrous, the stigma narrowly clavate; pedicel to 3 mm. long, strigillose. Fruit a flattened follicle, often minutely spurred at the base, 2.5-4.0 cm. long, about 1.5 cm. broad, glabrous, the winged seeds oval, 1.5 cm. long, 0.8 cm. broad.
Habit Tree
Distribution Distribution of the species essentially that of the genus. Flowering in January and February in Panama.
Specimen CANAL ZONE: between Corozal and Ancon, Pittier 2630; Ancon Hill, Standley 26370, 26395; without precise locality, Hayes io68, 1070. CHIRIQUI: Sabana de la Tortuga, between El Boquete and Caldera, Pittier 3341; Boquete, Davidson io6i, Pittier 3341; David, Seemann I58o. COCLE: Penonome and vicinity, Williams 152; El Valle de Ant6n, Allen 25I4; between Las Margaritas and El Valle, Woodson, Allen & Seibert I283. DARIEN: Cana, Williams 739; Rio Pirre, Pittier 6975. PANAMA: San Jose Island, Perlas archipelago, Gulf of Panama, Johnston 33I, 348, I285, I292, I293, I368; near Matias Hernandez, Standley 28949; Taboga Island, Standley 2800i; Tumba Muerto Road, near Panama', Standley 29739; Rio Las Lajas, Allen i6oo; Punta Paitilla, Standley 26242.
Note Sleumer recognized three varieties of R. montana in his recent revision. One variety, var. tomentosa, is not treated herein, nor are its synonyms as it is restricted to Brazil. The two varieties which concern us, var. montana and var. dentata, are both represented in Panama. The character which serves to distinguish these varieties is "Folia subintegra vel undulata" for var. montana and "Folia bene obtuse subcrenato-serrata" for var. dentata. Young shoots and suckers have pinnately compound leaves, the number of leaflets is quite variable although the older gener- ally have more than the younger, all leaflets have a serrate margin. This pinnately compound leaf is a typical juvenile form. The mature form is a simple leaf with serrate to entire margin. Although flowering is usually evidence of a mature shoot it is not necessarily evidence that the subtending leaves have attained the mature form. A few specimens show the transition from simple leaves with serrate margin to subentire or entire margin while others show that the larger stems have leaves with undulate or entire margins and the young stems have leaves which are quite serrate. It is my belief that the simple leaf with serrate margin is transitional between the compound leaf and the simple leaf with entire margin. Finally, in many collections some of the leaves are entire while others are variously serrate- needless to say this leads to the condition in which many collections and some specimens are classified in two separate varieties. Accordingly, I have not recognized var. dentata of Sleumer.
 
 
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