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  • Xanthium americanum Walter
    • Reference article Flora of China Editorial Committee. 2011. Flora of China (Asteraceae). 20–21: 1–992. In C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.) Fl. China. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.
    • Reference article Flora of North America Editorial Committee. 2006. Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 8: Asteraceae, part 3. 21: i–xxii, 1–616. In Fl. N. Amer.. Oxford University Press, New York.
    • Reference article Ulloa Ulloa, C., P. Acevedo-Rodríguez, S. G. Beck, M. J. Belgrano, R. Bernal, P. E. Berry, L. Brako, M. Celis, G. Davidse, S. R. Gradstein, O. Hokche, B. León, S. León-Yánez, R. E. Magill, D. A. Neill, M. H. Nee, P. H. Raven, H. Stimmel, M. T. Strong, J. L. Villaseñor Ríos, J. L. Zarucchi, F. O. Zuloaga & P. M. Jørgensen. 2018 (onwards). An integrated Assessment of Vascular Plants Species of the Americas (Online Updates).
  • Xanthium australe Millsp. & Sherff
    • Reference article Ulloa Ulloa, C., P. Acevedo-Rodríguez, S. G. Beck, M. J. Belgrano, R. Bernal, P. E. Berry, L. Brako, M. Celis, G. Davidse, S. R. Gradstein, O. Hokche, B. León, S. León-Yánez, R. E. Magill, D. A. Neill, M. H. Nee, P. H. Raven, H. Stimmel, M. T. Strong, J. L. Villaseñor Ríos, J. L. Zarucchi, F. O. Zuloaga & P. M. Jørgensen. 2018 (onwards). An integrated Assessment of Vascular Plants Species of the Americas (Online Updates).
    • Reference article Zuloaga, F. O., M. J. Belgrano & C. A. Zanotti. 2019. Actualización del Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Darwiniana, n.s. 7(2): 208–278 [Apéndice 1: 1–937; Apénd. 2: 1–21].
  • Xanthium canadense Mill.
    • Reference article Ulloa Ulloa, C., P. Acevedo-Rodríguez, S. G. Beck, M. J. Belgrano, R. Bernal, P. E. Berry, L. Brako, M. Celis, G. Davidse, S. R. Gradstein, O. Hokche, B. León, S. León-Yánez, R. E. Magill, D. A. Neill, M. H. Nee, P. H. Raven, H. Stimmel, M. T. Strong, J. L. Villaseñor Ríos, J. L. Zarucchi, F. O. Zuloaga & P. M. Jørgensen. 2018 (onwards). An integrated Assessment of Vascular Plants Species of the Americas (Online Updates).
  • Xanthium cavanillesii Schouw
    • Reference article Jørgensen, P. M., M. H. Nee & S. G. Beck. 2014. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. 127(1–2): i–viii, 1–1744. In P. M. Jørgensen, M. H. Nee & S. G. Beck (eds.) Cat. Pl. Vasc. Bolivia, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard.. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
    • Reference article Jørgensen, P. M., M. H. Nee, S. G. Beck & A.F. Fuentes. 2015 en adelante. Catalogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia (actualizaciones en línea).
    • Reference article Pruski, J. F. & H. E. Robinson. 2018. Asteraceae. 5(2): i–xix, 1–608. In G. Davidse, M. Sousa Sánchez, S. Knapp & F. Chiang Cabrera (eds.) Fl. Mesoamer.. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.
    • Reference article Ulloa Ulloa, C., P. Acevedo-Rodríguez, S. G. Beck, M. J. Belgrano, R. Bernal, P. E. Berry, L. Brako, M. Celis, G. Davidse, S. R. Gradstein, O. Hokche, B. León, S. León-Yánez, R. E. Magill, D. A. Neill, M. H. Nee, P. H. Raven, H. Stimmel, M. T. Strong, J. L. Villaseñor Ríos, J. L. Zarucchi, F. O. Zuloaga & P. M. Jørgensen. 2018 (onwards). An integrated Assessment of Vascular Plants Species of the Americas (Online Updates).
    • Reference article Zuloaga, F. O., M. J. Belgrano & C. A. Zanotti. 2019. Actualización del Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Darwiniana, n.s. 7(2): 208–278 [Apéndice 1: 1–937; Apénd. 2: 1–21].
  • Xanthium cavanillesii var. cordobense Widder ex Parodi
    • Reference article Ulloa Ulloa, C., P. Acevedo-Rodríguez, S. G. Beck, M. J. Belgrano, R. Bernal, P. E. Berry, L. Brako, M. Celis, G. Davidse, S. R. Gradstein, O. Hokche, B. León, S. León-Yánez, R. E. Magill, D. A. Neill, M. H. Nee, P. H. Raven, H. Stimmel, M. T. Strong, J. L. Villaseñor Ríos, J. L. Zarucchi, F. O. Zuloaga & P. M. Jørgensen. 2018 (onwards). An integrated Assessment of Vascular Plants Species of the Americas (Online Updates).
    • Reference article Zuloaga, F. O., M. J. Belgrano & C. A. Zanotti. 2019. Actualización del Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Darwiniana, n.s. 7(2): 208–278 [Apéndice 1: 1–937; Apénd. 2: 1–21].
  • Xanthium chasei Fernald
    • Reference article Flora of China Editorial Committee. 2011. Flora of China (Asteraceae). 20–21: 1–992. In C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.) Fl. China. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.
    • Reference article Flora of North America Editorial Committee. 2006. Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 8: Asteraceae, part 3. 21: i–xxii, 1–616. In Fl. N. Amer.. Oxford University Press, New York.
    • Reference article Ulloa Ulloa, C., P. Acevedo-Rodríguez, S. G. Beck, M. J. Belgrano, R. Bernal, P. E. Berry, L. Brako, M. Celis, G. Davidse, S. R. Gradstein, O. Hokche, B. León, S. León-Yánez, R. E. Magill, D. A. Neill, M. H. Nee, P. H. Raven, H. Stimmel, M. T. Strong, J. L. Villaseñor Ríos, J. L. Zarucchi, F. O. Zuloaga & P. M. Jørgensen. 2018 (onwards). An integrated Assessment of Vascular Plants Species of the Americas (Online Updates).
  • Xanthium chinense Mill.
    • Reference article Flora of China Editorial Committee. 2011. Flora of China (Asteraceae). 20–21: 1–992. In C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.) Fl. China. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.
    • Reference article Flora of North America Editorial Committee. 2006. Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 8: Asteraceae, part 3. 21: i–xxii, 1–616. In Fl. N. Amer.. Oxford University Press, New York.
    • Reference article Hokche, O., P. E. Berry & O. Huber. (eds.) 2008. Nuevo Cat. Fl. Vasc. Venez. 1–859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela, Caracas.
    • Reference article Ulloa Ulloa, C., P. Acevedo-Rodríguez, S. G. Beck, M. J. Belgrano, R. Bernal, P. E. Berry, L. Brako, M. Celis, G. Davidse, S. R. Gradstein, O. Hokche, B. León, S. León-Yánez, R. E. Magill, D. A. Neill, M. H. Nee, P. H. Raven, H. Stimmel, M. T. Strong, J. L. Villaseñor Ríos, J. L. Zarucchi, F. O. Zuloaga & P. M. Jørgensen. 2018 (onwards). An integrated Assessment of Vascular Plants Species of the Americas (Online Updates).
  • Xanthium curvescens Millsp. & Sherff
    • Reference article Flora of China Editorial Committee. 2011. Flora of China (Asteraceae). 20–21: 1–992. In C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.) Fl. China. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.
    • Reference article Flora of North America Editorial Committee. 2006. Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 8: Asteraceae, part 3. 21: i–xxii, 1–616. In Fl. N. Amer.. Oxford University Press, New York.
    • Reference article Ulloa Ulloa, C., P. Acevedo-Rodríguez, S. G. Beck, M. J. Belgrano, R. Bernal, P. E. Berry, L. Brako, M. Celis, G. Davidse, S. R. Gradstein, O. Hokche, B. León, S. León-Yánez, R. E. Magill, D. A. Neill, M. H. Nee, P. H. Raven, H. Stimmel, M. T. Strong, J. L. Villaseñor Ríos, J. L. Zarucchi, F. O. Zuloaga & P. M. Jørgensen. 2018 (onwards). An integrated Assessment of Vascular Plants Species of the Americas (Online Updates).
  • Xanthium cylindricum Millsp. & Sherff
    • Reference article Flora of China Editorial Committee. 2011. Flora of China (Asteraceae). 20–21: 1–992. In C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.) Fl. China. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.
    • Reference article Flora of North America Editorial Committee. 2006. Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 8: Asteraceae, part 3. 21: i–xxii, 1–616. In Fl. N. Amer.. Oxford University Press, New York.
    • Reference article Ulloa Ulloa, C., P. Acevedo-Rodríguez, S. G. Beck, M. J. Belgrano, R. Bernal, P. E. Berry, L. Brako, M. Celis, G. Davidse, S. R. Gradstein, O. Hokche, B. León, S. León-Yánez, R. E. Magill, D. A. Neill, M. H. Nee, P. H. Raven, H. Stimmel, M. T. Strong, J. L. Villaseñor Ríos, J. L. Zarucchi, F. O. Zuloaga & P. M. Jørgensen. 2018 (onwards). An integrated Assessment of Vascular Plants Species of the Americas (Online Updates).
  • Xanthium echinatum Murray
    • Reference article Flora of China Editorial Committee. 2011. Flora of China (Asteraceae). 20–21: 1–992. In C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.) Fl. China. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.
    • Reference article Flora of North America Editorial Committee. 2006. Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 8: Asteraceae, part 3. 21: i–xxii, 1–616. In Fl. N. Amer.. Oxford University Press, New York.
    • Reference article Ulloa Ulloa, C., P. Acevedo-Rodríguez, S. G. Beck, M. J. Belgrano, R. Bernal, P. E. Berry, L. Brako, M. Celis, G. Davidse, S. R. Gradstein, O. Hokche, B. León, S. León-Yánez, R. E. Magill, D. A. Neill, M. H. Nee, P. H. Raven, H. Stimmel, M. T. Strong, J. L. Villaseñor Ríos, J. L. Zarucchi, F. O. Zuloaga & P. M. Jørgensen. 2018 (onwards). An integrated Assessment of Vascular Plants Species of the Americas (Online Updates).
  • Xanthium echinatum var. cavanillesii (Schouw) O. Bolòs & Vigo
    • Reference article Pruski, J. F. & H. E. Robinson. 2018. Asteraceae. 5(2): i–xix, 1–608. In G. Davidse, M. Sousa Sánchez, S. Knapp & F. Chiang Cabrera (eds.) Fl. Mesoamer.. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.
    • Reference article Ulloa Ulloa, C., P. Acevedo-Rodríguez, S. G. Beck, M. J. Belgrano, R. Bernal, P. E. Berry, L. Brako, M. Celis, G. Davidse, S. R. Gradstein, O. Hokche, B. León, S. León-Yánez, R. E. Magill, D. A. Neill, M. H. Nee, P. H. Raven, H. Stimmel, M. T. Strong, J. L. Villaseñor Ríos, J. L. Zarucchi, F. O. Zuloaga & P. M. Jørgensen. 2018 (onwards). An integrated Assessment of Vascular Plants Species of the Americas (Online Updates).
    • Reference article Zuloaga, F. O., M. J. Belgrano & C. A. Zanotti. 2019. Actualización del Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Darwiniana, n.s. 7(2): 208–278 [Apéndice 1: 1–937; Apénd. 2: 1–21].
  • Xanthium echinellum Greene ex Rydb.
    • Reference article Flora of China Editorial Committee. 2011. Flora of China (Asteraceae). 20–21: 1–992. In C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.) Fl. China. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.
    • Reference article Flora of North America Editorial Committee. 2006. Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 8: Asteraceae, part 3. 21: i–xxii, 1–616. In Fl. N. Amer.. Oxford University Press, New York.
    • Reference article Ulloa Ulloa, C., P. Acevedo-Rodríguez, S. G. Beck, M. J. Belgrano, R. Bernal, P. E. Berry, L. Brako, M. Celis, G. Davidse, S. R. Gradstein, O. Hokche, B. León, S. León-Yánez, R. E. Magill, D. A. Neill, M. H. Nee, P. H. Raven, H. Stimmel, M. T. Strong, J. L. Villaseñor Ríos, J. L. Zarucchi, F. O. Zuloaga & P. M. Jørgensen. 2018 (onwards). An integrated Assessment of Vascular Plants Species of the Americas (Online Updates).
  • Xanthium globosum C. Shull
    • Reference article Flora of China Editorial Committee. 2011. Flora of China (Asteraceae). 20–21: 1–992. In C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.) Fl. China. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.
    • Reference article Flora of North America Editorial Committee. 2006. Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 8: Asteraceae, part 3. 21: i–xxii, 1–616. In Fl. N. Amer.. Oxford University Press, New York.
    • Reference article Ulloa Ulloa, C., P. Acevedo-Rodríguez, S. G. Beck, M. J. Belgrano, R. Bernal, P. E. Berry, L. Brako, M. Celis, G. Davidse, S. R. Gradstein, O. Hokche, B. León, S. León-Yánez, R. E. Magill, D. A. Neill, M. H. Nee, P. H. Raven, H. Stimmel, M. T. Strong, J. L. Villaseñor Ríos, J. L. Zarucchi, F. O. Zuloaga & P. M. Jørgensen. 2018 (onwards). An integrated Assessment of Vascular Plants Species of the Americas (Online Updates).
  • Xanthium inaequilaterum DC.
    • Reference article Flora of China Editorial Committee. 2011. Flora of China (Asteraceae). 20–21: 1–992. In C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.) Fl. China. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.
  • Xanthium indicum var. inaequilaterum (DC.) Miq.
    • Reference article Flora of China Editorial Committee. 2011. Flora of China (Asteraceae). 20–21: 1–992. In C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.) Fl. China. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.
  • Xanthium inflexum Mack. & Bush
    • Reference article Flora of China Editorial Committee. 2011. Flora of China (Asteraceae). 20–21: 1–992. In C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.) Fl. China. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.
    • Reference article Flora of North America Editorial Committee. 2006. Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 8: Asteraceae, part 3. 21: i–xxii, 1–616. In Fl. N. Amer.. Oxford University Press, New York.
    • Reference article Ulloa Ulloa, C., P. Acevedo-Rodríguez, S. G. Beck, M. J. Belgrano, R. Bernal, P. E. Berry, L. Brako, M. Celis, G. Davidse, S. R. Gradstein, O. Hokche, B. León, S. León-Yánez, R. E. Magill, D. A. Neill, M. H. Nee, P. H. Raven, H. Stimmel, M. T. Strong, J. L. Villaseñor Ríos, J. L. Zarucchi, F. O. Zuloaga & P. M. Jørgensen. 2018 (onwards). An integrated Assessment of Vascular Plants Species of the Americas (Online Updates).
  • Xanthium italicum Moretti
    • Reference article Flora of China Editorial Committee. 2011. Flora of China (Asteraceae). 20–21: 1–992. In C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.) Fl. China. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.
    • Reference article Flora of North America Editorial Committee. 2006. Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 8: Asteraceae, part 3. 21: i–xxii, 1–616. In Fl. N. Amer.. Oxford University Press, New York.
    • Reference article Ulloa Ulloa, C., P. Acevedo-Rodríguez, S. G. Beck, M. J. Belgrano, R. Bernal, P. E. Berry, L. Brako, M. Celis, G. Davidse, S. R. Gradstein, O. Hokche, B. León, S. León-Yánez, R. E. Magill, D. A. Neill, M. H. Nee, P. H. Raven, H. Stimmel, M. T. Strong, J. L. Villaseñor Ríos, J. L. Zarucchi, F. O. Zuloaga & P. M. Jørgensen. 2018 (onwards). An integrated Assessment of Vascular Plants Species of the Americas (Online Updates).
  • Xanthium japonicum Widder
    • Reference article Flora of China Editorial Committee. 2011. Flora of China (Asteraceae). 20–21: 1–992. In C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.) Fl. China. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.
  • Xanthium macrocarpum var. glabratum DC.
    • Reference article Ulloa Ulloa, C., P. Acevedo-Rodríguez, S. G. Beck, M. J. Belgrano, R. Bernal, P. E. Berry, L. Brako, M. Celis, G. Davidse, S. R. Gradstein, O. Hokche, B. León, S. León-Yánez, R. E. Magill, D. A. Neill, M. H. Nee, P. H. Raven, H. Stimmel, M. T. Strong, J. L. Villaseñor Ríos, J. L. Zarucchi, F. O. Zuloaga & P. M. Jørgensen. 2018 (onwards). An integrated Assessment of Vascular Plants Species of the Americas (Online Updates).
  • Xanthium mongolicum Kitag.
    • Reference article Flora of China Editorial Committee. 2011. Flora of China (Asteraceae). 20–21: 1–992. In C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.) Fl. China. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.
  • Xanthium natalense Widder
    • Reference article Gibbs Russell, G. E., W. G. M. Welman, E. Retief, K. L. Immelman, G. Germishuizen, B. J. Pienaar, M. Van Wyk & A. Nicholas. 1987. List of species of southern African plants. Mem. Bot. Surv. South Africa 2(1–2): 1–152(pt. 1), 1–270(pt. 2).
  • Xanthium orientale L.
    • Reference article Flora of China Editorial Committee. 2011. Flora of China (Asteraceae). 20–21: 1–992. In C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.) Fl. China. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.
    • Reference article Flora of North America Editorial Committee. 2006. Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 8: Asteraceae, part 3. 21: i–xxii, 1–616. In Fl. N. Amer.. Oxford University Press, New York.
    • Reference article Jørgensen, P. M., M. H. Nee & S. G. Beck. 2014. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. 127(1–2): i–viii, 1–1744. In P. M. Jørgensen, M. H. Nee & S. G. Beck (eds.) Cat. Pl. Vasc. Bolivia, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard.. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
    • Reference article Jørgensen, P. M., M. H. Nee, S. G. Beck & A.F. Fuentes. 2015 en adelante. Catalogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia (actualizaciones en línea).
    • Reference article Ulloa Ulloa, C., P. Acevedo-Rodríguez, S. G. Beck, M. J. Belgrano, R. Bernal, P. E. Berry, L. Brako, M. Celis, G. Davidse, S. R. Gradstein, O. Hokche, B. León, S. León-Yánez, R. E. Magill, D. A. Neill, M. H. Nee, P. H. Raven, H. Stimmel, M. T. Strong, J. L. Villaseñor Ríos, J. L. Zarucchi, F. O. Zuloaga & P. M. Jørgensen. 2018 (onwards). An integrated Assessment of Vascular Plants Species of the Americas (Online Updates).
  • Xanthium oviforme Wallr.
    • Reference article Flora of China Editorial Committee. 2011. Flora of China (Asteraceae). 20–21: 1–992. In C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.) Fl. China. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.
    • Reference article Flora of North America Editorial Committee. 2006. Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 8: Asteraceae, part 3. 21: i–xxii, 1–616. In Fl. N. Amer.. Oxford University Press, New York.
    • Reference article Ulloa Ulloa, C., P. Acevedo-Rodríguez, S. G. Beck, M. J. Belgrano, R. Bernal, P. E. Berry, L. Brako, M. Celis, G. Davidse, S. R. Gradstein, O. Hokche, B. León, S. León-Yánez, R. E. Magill, D. A. Neill, M. H. Nee, P. H. Raven, H. Stimmel, M. T. Strong, J. L. Villaseñor Ríos, J. L. Zarucchi, F. O. Zuloaga & P. M. Jørgensen. 2018 (onwards). An integrated Assessment of Vascular Plants Species of the Americas (Online Updates).
  • Xanthium pensylvanicum Wallr.
    • Reference article Flora of China Editorial Committee. 2011. Flora of China (Asteraceae). 20–21: 1–992. In C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.) Fl. China. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.
    • Reference article Flora of North America Editorial Committee. 2006. Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 8: Asteraceae, part 3. 21: i–xxii, 1–616. In Fl. N. Amer.. Oxford University Press, New York.
    • Reference article Ulloa Ulloa, C., P. Acevedo-Rodríguez, S. G. Beck, M. J. Belgrano, R. Bernal, P. E. Berry, L. Brako, M. Celis, G. Davidse, S. R. Gradstein, O. Hokche, B. León, S. León-Yánez, R. E. Magill, D. A. Neill, M. H. Nee, P. H. Raven, H. Stimmel, M. T. Strong, J. L. Villaseñor Ríos, J. L. Zarucchi, F. O. Zuloaga & P. M. Jørgensen. 2018 (onwards). An integrated Assessment of Vascular Plants Species of the Americas (Online Updates).
  • Xanthium pungens Wallr.
    • Reference article Gibbs Russell, G. E., W. G. M. Welman, E. Retief, K. L. Immelman, G. Germishuizen, B. J. Pienaar, M. Van Wyk & A. Nicholas. 1987. List of species of southern African plants. Mem. Bot. Surv. South Africa 2(1–2): 1–152(pt. 1), 1–270(pt. 2).
  • Xanthium saccharatum Wallr.
    • Reference article Ulloa Ulloa, C., P. Acevedo-Rodríguez, S. G. Beck, M. J. Belgrano, R. Bernal, P. E. Berry, L. Brako, M. Celis, G. Davidse, S. R. Gradstein, O. Hokche, B. León, S. León-Yánez, R. E. Magill, D. A. Neill, M. H. Nee, P. H. Raven, H. Stimmel, M. T. Strong, J. L. Villaseñor Ríos, J. L. Zarucchi, F. O. Zuloaga & P. M. Jørgensen. 2018 (onwards). An integrated Assessment of Vascular Plants Species of the Americas (Online Updates).
    • Reference article Zuloaga, F. O., M. J. Belgrano & C. A. Zanotti. 2019. Actualización del Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Darwiniana, n.s. 7(2): 208–278 [Apéndice 1: 1–937; Apénd. 2: 1–21].
  • Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder
    • Reference article Flora of China Editorial Committee. 2011. Flora of China (Asteraceae). 20–21: 1–992. In C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.) Fl. China. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.
  • Xanthium sibiricum var. jingyuanense H.G. Hou & Y.T. Lu
    • Reference article Flora of China Editorial Committee. 2011. Flora of China (Asteraceae). 20–21: 1–992. In C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.) Fl. China. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.
  • Xanthium sibiricum var. subinerme Widder
    • Reference article Flora of China Editorial Committee. 2011. Flora of China (Asteraceae). 20–21: 1–992. In C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.) Fl. China. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.
  • Xanthium speciosum Kearney
    • Reference article Flora of China Editorial Committee. 2011. Flora of China (Asteraceae). 20–21: 1–992. In C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.) Fl. China. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.
    • Reference article Flora of North America Editorial Committee. 2006. Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 8: Asteraceae, part 3. 21: i–xxii, 1–616. In Fl. N. Amer.. Oxford University Press, New York.
    • Reference article Ulloa Ulloa, C., P. Acevedo-Rodríguez, S. G. Beck, M. J. Belgrano, R. Bernal, P. E. Berry, L. Brako, M. Celis, G. Davidse, S. R. Gradstein, O. Hokche, B. León, S. León-Yánez, R. E. Magill, D. A. Neill, M. H. Nee, P. H. Raven, H. Stimmel, M. T. Strong, J. L. Villaseñor Ríos, J. L. Zarucchi, F. O. Zuloaga & P. M. Jørgensen. 2018 (onwards). An integrated Assessment of Vascular Plants Species of the Americas (Online Updates).
  • Xanthium strumarium subsp. cavanillesii (Schouw) D. Löve & Dans.
    • Reference article Pruski, J. F. & H. E. Robinson. 2018. Asteraceae. 5(2): i–xix, 1–608. In G. Davidse, M. Sousa Sánchez, S. Knapp & F. Chiang Cabrera (eds.) Fl. Mesoamer.. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.
    • Reference article Ulloa Ulloa, C., P. Acevedo-Rodríguez, S. G. Beck, M. J. Belgrano, R. Bernal, P. E. Berry, L. Brako, M. Celis, G. Davidse, S. R. Gradstein, O. Hokche, B. León, S. León-Yánez, R. E. Magill, D. A. Neill, M. H. Nee, P. H. Raven, H. Stimmel, M. T. Strong, J. L. Villaseñor Ríos, J. L. Zarucchi, F. O. Zuloaga & P. M. Jørgensen. 2018 (onwards). An integrated Assessment of Vascular Plants Species of the Americas (Online Updates).
    • Reference article Zuloaga, F. O., M. J. Belgrano & C. A. Zanotti. 2019. Actualización del Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Darwiniana, n.s. 7(2): 208–278 [Apéndice 1: 1–937; Apénd. 2: 1–21].
  • Xanthium strumarium subsp. sibiricum (Patrin ex Widder) Greuter
    • Reference article Flora of China Editorial Committee. 2011. Flora of China (Asteraceae). 20–21: 1–992. In C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.) Fl. China. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.
  • Xanthium strumarium var. canadense (Mill.) Torr. & A. Gray
    • Reference article Flora of China Editorial Committee. 2011. Flora of China (Asteraceae). 20–21: 1–992. In C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.) Fl. China. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.
    • Reference article Flora of North America Editorial Committee. 2006. Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 8: Asteraceae, part 3. 21: i–xxii, 1–616. In Fl. N. Amer.. Oxford University Press, New York.
    • Reference article Ulloa Ulloa, C., P. Acevedo-Rodríguez, S. G. Beck, M. J. Belgrano, R. Bernal, P. E. Berry, L. Brako, M. Celis, G. Davidse, S. R. Gradstein, O. Hokche, B. León, S. León-Yánez, R. E. Magill, D. A. Neill, M. H. Nee, P. H. Raven, H. Stimmel, M. T. Strong, J. L. Villaseñor Ríos, J. L. Zarucchi, F. O. Zuloaga & P. M. Jørgensen. 2018 (onwards). An integrated Assessment of Vascular Plants Species of the Americas (Online Updates).
  • Xanthium strumarium var. cavanillesii (Schouw) D. Löve & Dans.
    • Reference article Pruski, J. F. & H. E. Robinson. 2018. Asteraceae. 5(2): i–xix, 1–608. In G. Davidse, M. Sousa Sánchez, S. Knapp & F. Chiang Cabrera (eds.) Fl. Mesoamer.. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.
    • Reference article Ulloa Ulloa, C., P. Acevedo-Rodríguez, S. G. Beck, M. J. Belgrano, R. Bernal, P. E. Berry, L. Brako, M. Celis, G. Davidse, S. R. Gradstein, O. Hokche, B. León, S. León-Yánez, R. E. Magill, D. A. Neill, M. H. Nee, P. H. Raven, H. Stimmel, M. T. Strong, J. L. Villaseñor Ríos, J. L. Zarucchi, F. O. Zuloaga & P. M. Jørgensen. 2018 (onwards). An integrated Assessment of Vascular Plants Species of the Americas (Online Updates).
  • Xanthium strumarium var. glabratum (DC.) Cronquist
    • Reference article Flora of China Editorial Committee. 2011. Flora of China (Asteraceae). 20–21: 1–992. In C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.) Fl. China. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.
    • Reference article Flora of North America Editorial Committee. 2006. Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 8: Asteraceae, part 3. 21: i–xxii, 1–616. In Fl. N. Amer.. Oxford University Press, New York.
    • Reference article Ulloa Ulloa, C., P. Acevedo-Rodríguez, S. G. Beck, M. J. Belgrano, R. Bernal, P. E. Berry, L. Brako, M. Celis, G. Davidse, S. R. Gradstein, O. Hokche, B. León, S. León-Yánez, R. E. Magill, D. A. Neill, M. H. Nee, P. H. Raven, H. Stimmel, M. T. Strong, J. L. Villaseñor Ríos, J. L. Zarucchi, F. O. Zuloaga & P. M. Jørgensen. 2018 (onwards). An integrated Assessment of Vascular Plants Species of the Americas (Online Updates).
  • Xanthium strumarium var. japonicum (Widder) H. Hara
    • Reference article Flora of China Editorial Committee. 2011. Flora of China (Asteraceae). 20–21: 1–992. In C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.) Fl. China. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.
  • Xanthium varians Greene
    • Reference article Flora of China Editorial Committee. 2011. Flora of China (Asteraceae). 20–21: 1–992. In C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.) Fl. China. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.
    • Reference article Flora of North America Editorial Committee. 2006. Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 8: Asteraceae, part 3. 21: i–xxii, 1–616. In Fl. N. Amer.. Oxford University Press, New York.
    • Reference article Ulloa Ulloa, C., P. Acevedo-Rodríguez, S. G. Beck, M. J. Belgrano, R. Bernal, P. E. Berry, L. Brako, M. Celis, G. Davidse, S. R. Gradstein, O. Hokche, B. León, S. León-Yánez, R. E. Magill, D. A. Neill, M. H. Nee, P. H. Raven, H. Stimmel, M. T. Strong, J. L. Villaseñor Ríos, J. L. Zarucchi, F. O. Zuloaga & P. M. Jørgensen. 2018 (onwards). An integrated Assessment of Vascular Plants Species of the Americas (Online Updates).
  • Xanthium wootonii Cockerell
    • Reference article Flora of China Editorial Committee. 2011. Flora of China (Asteraceae). 20–21: 1–992. In C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.) Fl. China. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.
    • Reference article Flora of North America Editorial Committee. 2006. Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 8: Asteraceae, part 3. 21: i–xxii, 1–616. In Fl. N. Amer.. Oxford University Press, New York.
    • Reference article Ulloa Ulloa, C., P. Acevedo-Rodríguez, S. G. Beck, M. J. Belgrano, R. Bernal, P. E. Berry, L. Brako, M. Celis, G. Davidse, S. R. Gradstein, O. Hokche, B. León, S. León-Yánez, R. E. Magill, D. A. Neill, M. H. Nee, P. H. Raven, H. Stimmel, M. T. Strong, J. L. Villaseñor Ríos, J. L. Zarucchi, F. O. Zuloaga & P. M. Jørgensen. 2018 (onwards). An integrated Assessment of Vascular Plants Species of the Americas (Online Updates).
 
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