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(Last Modified On 6/19/2013)
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(Last Modified On 6/19/2013)
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Species
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Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Prodr. 6: 302. 1837.
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Synonym
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Cacalia sonchifolia L., Sp. P1. 835. 1753.
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Description
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Erect to weakly spreading herb, (10-)30-50 cm tall, mostly glabrous or with sparsely scattered, inconspicuous multicellular hairs; taproot present, but some- times overgrown by active lateral fibrous roots. Leaves alternate, evenly distrib- uted along the stem, the lower and middle cauline leaves ovate to oblanceolate in outline, often tapering to a weakly distinct petiole, the margins crenate to deeply and sharply lyrate-lobed, the lobes callose-tipped, overall 5-12 cm long, 1.5-4.5 cm wide, about 3 times longer than wide, the upper leaves similar and smaller, sessile to amplexicaul, the uppermost reduced to linear, subentire clasping bracts. Inflorescence of 1 to several, loose, corymbiform cymes of 4-10 heads, arising terminally or laterally in the axils of the upper leaves. Heads discoid, turbinate to weakly campanulate in aging individuals, relatively long and thin, 3-4 times taller than wide-,the florets little exserted beyond the involucre; involucral bracts ca. 8, linear, 7-12 mm long, weakly connate along the margins, especially in young heads; receptacle naked, flat or convex, the carpopodia prominent after mature achenes have been shed; florets 10-20, the corolla lavender-pink to light purple or white, sometimes tinged reddish but not orange, the style branches terminated in a small tuft of hairs of the same color as the corolla. Achene brown to reddish brown, columnar to narrowly rapiform, 3-4 mm long, with short white hirsute bristles on the 10 prominent ribs; pappus of abundant white capillary hairs. Chromosome number n = 5.
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Habit
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herb
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Note
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This is a common weed at lower elevations. It is native to the Old World but now widely distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics. Most frequent in habitats created by human disturbance, but also found in gravel bars in stream beds, and similar habitats, it flowers the year round.
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Specimen
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BOCAS DEL TORO: above RR stop at mi 7.5, Croat & Porter 6225 (MO). United Fruit Co., Changuinola Banana Plantation, Lazor et al. 2442 (MO). Changuinola to 5 mi S at Junction of Rios Changuinola & Terebe, Lewis et al. 914 (MO, US). Without definite locality, von Wedel 328 (MO). CANAL ZONE: Farfan Beach, Burch et al. 1409 (MO, NY, US). Barro Colorado Island, Croat 4183 (MO, NY), 6523, 6991, 8488, 9196 (all MO). Halfway between Gamboa and Summit, Fosberg 27389 (US). Ancon, Greenman & Greenman 5080 (MO). Gamboa, Heriberto 15 (US). Frijoles, King 5229 (US). Ancon, Macbride & Featherstone 16 (US); Piper 5816 (US). Between Corozal and Ancon, Pittier 2207 (US). Barro Colorado Island, Shattuck 81 (MO). Balboa, Standley 25657 (US). Near Gaturn, Standley 27320 (US). Gamboa, Standley 28353 (US). Mt. Hope Cemetery, Standley 28810 (US). Between France Field and Catival, Standley 30261 (US). Fort Clayton, Tyson 2788 (MO). CHIRIQUI: 2 km N of Punta de Burica, Busey 754 (MO). 6 mi S of Puerto Armuelles, Liesner 492 (MO). David airport, Lewis et al. 763 (MO, US). Vic. of Puerto Armuelles, Woodson & Schery 844 (MO). COLON: Mouth of Rio Piedras, Lewis et al. 3201 (MO). DARIEN: Vic. of Boca Quebrada Venudo, Rio Tuqueza, Bristan 1092(2) (MO). HERRERA: Ca. ?/2 mi E of Rio Coroca, D'Arcy & D'Arcy 6674 (MO). PANAMA: Isla Tobaga, Allen 1275 (MO). Ca. 2 mi from Universidad de Panama, D'Arcy & D'Arcy 6105 (MO). Pan-Am. Hwy. at Rio Mammoni, Duke 5583 (MO). San Jose Island, Erlanson 351 (NY, US). Gorgona Beach, Woodson et al. 1693 (MO). SAN BLAS: Without definite locality, Cooper 273 (US).
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