Published In:
Species Plantarum 2: 887. 1753. (1 May 1753) ( Sp. Pl.)   
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(Last Modified On 5/8/2022)
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Acceptance
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Accepted
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(Last Modified On 2/27/2022)
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Contributor Text:
Abdul Ghafoor & Anjum Perveen
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Contributor Institution:
Centre for Plant Conservation, University of Karachi – PAKISTAN
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Synonym Text:
Tagetes patula L., Sp. Pl. 2: 887. 1753; DC., l. c. 642; Breckle et al. in Dittman, Vasc. Pl. Afghan. Augm. Chklist 189. 2013; T. tenuifolia Cav., Icon. 2: 54. Tab. 169. 1793.
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Flower/Fruit:
Fl. Per.: Throughout the year Vern.: Genda, Marigold, African Marigold, Aztec Marigold, Big Marigold
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Type:
Lectotype: Herb. Linn. 1009.3 (LINN) (fide R.A. Howard, Fl. Lesser Antille 6: 601. 1989).
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Distribution:
A native of Mexico and Central America; introduced in gardens in Old World as an ornamental and naturalized in Australia, India, Pakistan, Nepal, China, Afghanistan, Arabian Peninsula and Africa.
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Comment/Acknowledgements:
Cultivars of Tagetes erecta are widely grown in gardens across the globe and also commercially for cut flowers for sale in markets. In Nepal and India flowers are used in religious rituals. The garlands of glowing orange and yellow blooms are often used in Hindu festivities of Dusehra and Diwali.
The whole plant is anthelmintic, aromatic, digestive, diuretic, emmenagogue, sedative and is used internally for treatment of indigestion, colic, severe constipation, coughs and dysentery. A decoction of flowers is used to treat colds, and mumps and applied externally to treat skin diseases, conjunctivitis and sore eyes. The flowers are source of yellow to orange food colourants in western Europe. An essential oil obtained from the flowers and leaves is used in perfumery.
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Map Location:
C–8 Rawalkot Rest House, erect shrub, ± 30 – 40 cm, oringish yellow fls., cultivated, 18.9.1987, Tahir Ali, M. Qaiser & M. Ajmal Khan 311 (KUH); D–4 Quest Distt., P & T Colony, Qaiser’s Residence (E–1), Quetta, cultivated, 17.10.1971, M. Qaiser & A. Ghafoor 4441 (KUH); G–4 Karachi Distt., University Campus, cultivated, herb, 4 ft, 27.1.65, Saida Qureshi s. n. (KUH); Botanical Garden, Karachi University, 24.2.1958, Anwar Iqbal s. n. (KUH); Pak Colony, Karachi, cultivated, 24.2.64, Nasreen Ara s. n. (KUH); Karachi University Campus, erect annual herb, yellow heads, 18.3.1987, Moin, Nadeem, Sadaruddin 56 (KUH); Zoology Dept., Karachi University, cultivated herb, annual 30 cm, 8.11.2008, Zamarrud & Sultanul Abedin 1801 (KUH); Botany Deptt., University of Karachi, Karachi, annual cultivated herb, 30 cm tall, 12. 1. 2009, Zamurrad & Sultanul abedin 806, 807 (KUH); Botany Deptt., Karachi University, cultivated annual herb, heads yellow, 23.1.2009, Zamurred & Sultanul Abedin s. n. (KUH); HEJ Garden, University of Karachi, cultivated herb, 14.12.2017, Laila Anwar s. n. (KUH).
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Annual, erect, upto 1.2 m or more tall herb. Stem glabrous, sparsely branched. Leaves opposite to alternate, shortly petiolate, narrowly elliptic–lanceolate to linear–lanceolate, (3–) 5 – 12 cm long, unipinnatisect, leaf lobes (7–) 9–19, lanceolate to linear–lanceolate, 1.5 – 2.5 (–4) cm long, 0.3 – 0.8 (–1.2) cm wide, serrate, acute, with sessile, sparse glands on both surfaces, upper cauline leaves smaller than lower with fewer, narrower leaf lobes. Capitula solitary, on 3 – 10 (–15) cm long, fistular peduncles, 4 – 6 cm across. Involucres campanulate, (1–) 1.2 – 2.2 cm long, 0.8 – 1.8 (–2) cm wide at anthesis. Phyllaries 5–8, acute, connate, free at apices. Ray florets few to numerous (in “double” cultivars); ligules flabellate to ovate–quadrate, 1.2 – 2 (–2.5) cm long, yellow to orange, red–brown (occasionally bicolored–yellow/red brown), rarely white. Disc florets (10–) 50–100, yellow or orange, many transformed into ligulate florets, corollas 7 – 12 mm long. Cypselas dark brown or black, 6 – 12 mm long, 3 – 4–angled, covered with short, antrorse hairs. Pappus scales 1–2, acuminate, or subulate–aristate, longest 10 – 12 mm long.
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