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(Last Modified On 6/4/2013)
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(Last Modified On 6/4/2013)
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Species
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Chromolaena odorata (L.) R. M. King & H. Robinson
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PlaceOfPublication
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Phytologia 20: 204. 1970.
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Synonym
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Eupatorium odoratum L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2: 1]205. 1759. TYPE: Jamaica, Plukenet, Phytographia 177, fig. 3. Eupatorium conyzoides Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768. (Eupatorium no. 14). TYPE: Jamaica, Sloane, cat. no. 124 (BM, not seen). Eupatorium floribundum H.B.K., Nov. Gen. Sp. P1. 4: 92. ed. fol. 1818. TYPE: "Peru", River Catamayo, Loxa, Humboldt & Bonpland (P, not seen, US, microfiche). Eupatorium divergens Less., Linnaea 5: 138. 1830. TYPE: Mexico, near Hacienda de la Laguna, Schiede & Deppe (B, destroyed). Eupatorium graciliflorum DC., Prodr. 5: 145. 1836. TYPE: Mexico, near Acapulco, Haenke (G-DC, not seen, US, microfiche). Osmia odorata (L.) Schultz-Bip., Pollichia 22-24: 250. 1866. 0smia divergens (Less.) Schultz-Bip., Pollichia 22-24: 252. 1866. 0smia graciliflorum (DC.) Schultz-Bip., Pollichia 22-24: 252. 1866. Eupatorium klattii Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 105. 1900. TYPE: Cuba, shore of Santiago Bay, Millspaugh 1126 (F, not seen).
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Description
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Woody herbs or reclining shrubs to 3 m tall, much branched; stems reddish- brown, terete, finely striate, glabrous to hirsute. Leaves opposite; blades deltoid to rhombic-ovate, to 9 cm long and 5 cm wide, the base cuneate to subtruncate, the margins entire to serrate, the apex narrowly acuminate, the upper surface glabrous, rarely pubescent, the lower surface with numerous short-stalked to sessile red glands, the venation prominently trinervate from near the base; petioles to 2 cm long. Inflorescence a broad panicle to 8 cm wide and 4 cm high with corymbose branches, the ultimate branches usually pubescent. Heads ca. 1 cm high with ca. 25 florets; involucral bracts ca. 15, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, imbricate, with 3-4 costae, the outer bracts oblong with rounded to truncate apices, the inner bracts narrow, short-acute; receptacle naked; corolla white, lavender, pink or light bluish, ca. 6 mm long, tubular. Achenes ca. 4 mm long, prismatic, 4-5-ribbed, ribs with short bristles; pappus of ca. 30 scabrous bristles, ca. 6 mm long, the apical cells acute.
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Habit
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Woody herbs or reclining shrubs
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Distribution
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Chromolaena odorata is widely distributed in the Americas from the south- eastern United States south to Argentina. The species has been widely introduced into tropical parts of the Old World.
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Specimen
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BOCAS DEL TORO: Bocas del Toro, Carleton 173 (US). Almirante, Cooper 130 (F). Banks of the Changuinola River, Dunlap 416 (F). Peak behind waterfall on Quebrada N of Rio Terebe ca. halfway between Quebrada Huron and Puerto Palenque, 400 800 ft, Kirkbride & Duke 494 (MO). Changuinola to 5 mi S at junction of Rios Changuinola and Terebe, 100-200 ft, Lewis et al. 938 (MO). Water Valley, von Wedel 864 (MO). Vic, of Chiriqui Lagoon, Water Valley, von Wedel 1852 (MO, US). Vie. of Chiriqui Lagoon, Old Bank Island, von Wedel 1861 (MO, US). CANAL ZONE: Vic. of Fort Clayton Test Center, Blum 2052 (FSU, MO). Ancon, Cerro de Ancon, Celestine 77 (US). Gamboa, Heriberto 77 (US). Rio Chagres, below the spillway of Gatun, Busey & Mahler 340 (MO). Empire Range, Correa & Gonzalez 519 (FSU). Barro Colorado Island, Croat 4209 (MO), 4386 (F, MO), 4612, 6919, 7068, 7173, 7476, 7481 (all MO), 7789 (F, MO). 1 mi N of Summit Gardens, Croat 12893 (F, MO). Barro Colorado Island, Dressler 3426 (MO). Ancon Hill, Greenman & Greenman 5107, 5128, 5140 (all MO). Between Summit and Gamboa, Greenman & Greenman 5238 (MO). Road between Gamboa and Summit Gardens, Kennedy 2263 (MO). Balboa, Macbride & Featherstone 25 (F, US). 1-3 mi from Gorgona, 40-150 m, Maxon 4731 (US). Rio Grande near Culebra, 50-100 m, Pittier 2129 (US). Between Corozal and Ancon, 10-30 m, Pittier 2205 (US). Barro Colorado Island, Shattuck 686 (MO). Cerro Gordo, near Culebra, Standley 26027 (US). Near Gatuin, Standley 27246 (US). Frijoles, Standley 27614 (US). Gamboa, Standley 28448 (US). Near
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Specimen
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Fort Randolph, Standley 28606 (US). Mount Hope Cemetery, Standley 28787 (US). Old Las Cruces trail, between Fort Clayton and Corozal, Standley 29146 (US). Las Cascadas Plantation, near Summit, Standley 29588 (US). Vic. of Summit, Standley 30117 (US). Vic. of Fort Sherman, Standley 31214 (US). Quebrada Melgada, 70-75 m, Steyermark 17473 (MO). Farfan Beach area, Tyson & Blum 2613 (FSU, MO). Curundu, Tyson 6061 (FSU), 6468 (MO); Tyson & Lazor 6061 (FSU). Barro Colorado Island, Wetmore & Abbe 36, 146 (both F); Woodworth & Vestal 348, 495 (both F, MO). CHIRnQUI: Quebrada Manzanillo, 9 km S by SW of Puerto Armuelles, Busey 729 (MO). Quebrada del Medio, 2 km N of Punta de Burica, 40-80 m, Busey 749 (MO). 1 mi W of airport at Puerto Armuelles, near sea level, Croat 21888 (MO). 4 km N of Burica, McCorkle c-139 (FSU). Vic. of San Felix, 0-120 m, Pittier 5199 (US). Cerro Vaca, 900-1136 m, Pittier 5302 (US). COCLE: Vic. of El Valle, 800-1000 m, Allen 81 (MO). Rio Hato airstrip, Burch et al. 1147 (MO). 3 mi NE of Anton, D'Arcy 4104 (MO). 2.5 mi S of El Valle, 680-700 m, McDaniel 8236 (FSU). Aguadulce, vic. of Puerto Aguadulce, McDaniel & Cooke 14808 (FSU). COLON: East Santa Rita Ridge, Correa & Dressler 608 (MO, US), 613 (FSU, MO, US), 649 (MO). Miguel de La Borda, Croat 10040 (F, MO). East Santa Rita Ridge, Dwyer 8402, 9339, 9354 (all MO). DARIEN: Boca Grande tide gage, 50 ft, Duke 1554 (OS, REED). Ca. 6 mi upstream from Morti Abajo, 100 m, Duke 10156 (MO, REED), Isla Taboga, Duke 10358 (MO). Isla Casaya, Duke 10381 (MO). Isla Pedro Gonzales, Duke 10398 (MO). Isla Espiritu Santo, Duke 10452 (MO). Corredo, Duke 15205 (REED). Near helipad at Hydro Camp on Rio Morti, 229 ft, Duke 15406 (FSU, MO). Rio Sabana, Roi Leopold III 223 (MO). HERRERA: Road from La Avena to Pese6, ca. 200' ft, Burch et al. 1318 (F, MO). Between El Potrero and Las Minas, D'Arcy 4137 (MO). 10 mi S of Ocui, Tyson & Blum 2805 (FSU, MO). LOS SANTOS: 3 mi S of Carreta, Burch et al. 1235 (US). Vic. of Bella Vista, Piper 5321, 5342, 5388 (all US). PANAMA: Isla Taboga, 0-350 m, Allen 1293 (F, MO). Cerro Jefe, 10-13 mi S of Goofy Lake, Duke 8020 (OS). Isla del Rey, Duke 9545 (MO). San Jose Island, Duke 12509 (MO, OS). Goofy Lake to ca. 8 mi S of Goofy Lake, Dwyer 7061 (MO). Chagres, Fendler 1850 (MO). Chiman, Lewis et al. 3334 (MO). Vic. of Panama, Macbride 2610, 2617 (both F, US). Pearl Islands, Saboga Island, Miller 1978 (US). Bella Vista, Standley 25313 (US). Las Sabanas, Standley 25873 (US). Near Punta Paitilla, Standley 26285 (US). Corozal Road, near Panama, Standley 26808 (US). Tobaga Island, Standley 27102 (US). Vic. of Juan Franco Race Track, near Panama, Standley 27675 (US). Tobaga Island, Standley 27852 (US). Rio Tapia, Standley 28054, 28215 (both US). Saboga Island, Pearl Islands, Tyson & Loftin 5127 (FSU). SAN BLAS: Sasardi, ca. 20 m, Duke 10146 (MO, OS). VERAGUAS: Hills W of Sona, ca. 500 m, Allen 1046 (MO). 3.9-5 mi N of Santa Fe, Gentry 3007 (MO). Puerto Mutis, 12 mi S of Santiago, Tyson 6030 (FSU). La Mesa, Tyson 6069 (FSU, MO).
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