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Published In: Species Plantarum 2: 813. 1753. (1 May 1753) (Sp. Pl.) Name publication detailView in BotanicusView in Biodiversity Heritage Library
 

Project Name Data (Last Modified On 5/12/2022)
Acceptance : Accepted
Project Data     (Last Modified On 8/8/2020)
Contributor Text: S. Abedin & A. Ghafoor
Contributor Institution: Centre for Plant Conservation, University of Karachi – Pakistan
Synonym Text:

Cichorium endivia var sativa DC., Prodr. 7: 84. 1838; C. intybus var. endivia (L.)  C. B. Clarke, Comp. Ind. 250. 1876 ; C. pumilum Jacq., var. endivia (L.) Täckh., Stud. Fl. Egypt. ed. 2: 585.1974.

Flower/Fruit:

Fl. Per.: July-October                                 Vern.: Chicory, Endive (Engl.)

Type:

Lectotype: sine loc. Herb. Linn. No. 962.3 (LINN). designated by Alavi in Jafri & El-Gadi (ed.), Fl. Libya 107: 320. 1983. 

Distribution:

Native land unknown, cultivated in Europe, Africa (Canary Is., Congo, Libya, Madeira and Morocco), Asia (Korea, Myanmar, India, Pakistan/Kashmir, Turkey, Syria, Palestine and Lebanon),  and many parts of the globe; introduced and naturalized weed in Australia and  in many other countries.

Comment/Acknowledgements:

The ligules, in this species, retain their colour when washed with water but   in other species, particularly Cichorium intybus L. ligules get decolourised in water.

In the middle ages, Endive was used for medicinal purposes as a blood purifier, and to stimulate appetite, healer of jaundice and cure eye diseases. Several varieties and forms are commonly cultivated for its large rosette of curly or wavy leaves that are used as salads and as a substitute for lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). The roots are used as demulcent and tonic in dyspepsia and fever.

Map Location:

B-8 Kashmir, Kangan, 6000 ft., July 17, 1922, R. R. Stewart 7153 (K); Kashmir, sine loc. Dr. J. L. Stewart s.n. (K).


 

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Annual to  biennial   glabrous, up to 1.7 m tall  herb with tap root. Basal leaves large, obovate, 25 – 35 cm long, 10 – 20 cm wide, entire to runcinate, obtuse to subacute, slightly puberulous to glabrous; cauline leaves akin to basal, gradually smaller upwards.Capitula solitary or in clusters of 4-6, sessile or on up to 15(-20) cm long, apically thickened peduncles.Involucre 3.5 – 5 mm wide. Outer phyllaries ovate to ovate-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, 7 – 10 mm long, 2 – 5 mm wide , ±entire, basal part fleshy, the upper acute to acuminate part reflexed; inner phyllaries slightly reflexed after anthesis and  longer than outer ones. Florets 15 – 20, ligules 10 – 18 mm long, 2.5 – 4 mm wide,  bluish to whitish, 12-33 mm long. Styles.  6.5 – 10 mm long, blue. Cypselas obovoid to cylindrical,  2.5 – 3.5 mm long, 1 – 1.5 mm wide, light brown. Pappus scales in 1-3 rows, erect to erecto-patent, irregularly shaped,  (0.4-) 0.6 – 0,8  mm long, pappus of inner cypselas with 0.5 – 1.5 mm long scales.

 
 
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