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(Last Modified On 6/14/2013)
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(Last Modified On 6/14/2013)
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Species
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Eleutheranthera ruderalis (Swartz) Schultz-Bip.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 24: 165. 1866.
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Synonym
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Melampodium ?ruderale Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. 3: 1372. 1806. TYPE: Jamaica, Swartz (? BM, not seen). Eleutheranthera ovata Poit. ex Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 549. 1840, nom. nud. Kegelia ruderalis (Swartz) Schultz-Bip., Linnaea 21: 245. 1848. TYPE: not seen. Kegelia ramossisima Schultz-Bip., Linnaea 21: 245. 1848. Provisional name for K. ruderalis (Swartz) Schultz-Bip. Eleutheranthera prostrata Schultz-Bip., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 24: 239. 1866. TYPE: not seen.
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Description
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Erect or sprawling herbs to 30 cm tall; stems glabrate to pilose. Leaves opposite, ovate, mostly 3(-8 mm) long, apically acute or acuminate, basally obtuse, acute or acuminate, the margins entire or crenulate-dentate, 3-veined from near the base, both sides pubescent with verrucose hairs and glandular; petiole slender, less than 1/3 the length of the leaf. Inflorescence a terminal aggregate of 2-5 heads, the subtending leaves not reduced; pedicels slender, pilose, often longer than the head. Heads discoid, 4-6 mm long; involucral bracts in two series of 4-5 each, the outermost slightly imbricate, ovate, apically acuminate or acute, often mucronulate, green, ciliate, dorsally pubescent on the lower portion, ventrally on the apical portion with copious sessile glandular excrecences, the midvein impressed ventrally, slightly elevated dorsally, with two inconspicuous veins running parallel and close to the margin, some of them exceeding the flowers, the innermost receptacular or paleaceous, folded from the costa to partially enclose the florets, apically green, acuminate, ciliate; florets 2-6, 4-5 mm long, somewhat arched, the corolla 2.5 mm long, campanulate, the tube short, the limb apically 5-lobed, the lobes ventrally pilose, yellow, basally hardly expanded, the stamens 5, the anthers black, the upper 'A4 free, the appendages rudimentary, the anther collar thickened, prominent, the anthers basally auriculate, the adjacent auricles mostly connate, the style branches lanceolate, conspicuously dorsally pubescent, the stigmatic surface confined to two lateral ridges on the lower 3/4, the apical 1/4 flattened and thinner, the nectary coroniform, 0.25 mm long, the ovary laterally flattened, 3-angled, evenly and finely puberulent, contracted above the locule and expanded into a pilose, coroniform pappus not exceeding the nectary. Achene 3 mm long, brown, the pericarp buff colored, prominently tuberculate, especially along the ribs and near the apex with dark brown umbonate tubercules, sparingly pubescent with weak spreading white hairs; pappus an apical peg, dark brown and white-pubescent on top.
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Habit
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herbs
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Note
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Eleutheranthera ruderalis is a plant of the lowlands, occurring in disturbed spots in sun or shade. Sometimes mistaken for Eclipta, to which it is closely related, or with Syjnedrella, Eleutheranthera is distinct in its glandular foliage, discoid heads, and loosely arranged involucral bracts. The florets are quite inconspicuous but the fruits and empty bracts are usually more readily observed. Eleutheranthera is similar in appearance to Wedelia keatingii which has larger leaves, larger bracts, and winged, flattened achenes.
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Specimen
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BOCAS DEL TORO: Near Changuinola, Croat & Porter 16486 (MO). Lower Changuinola, Stork 274 (US). CANAL ZONE: Tropic Test Centre Miraflores Annex, Blum 681 (MO). Barro Colorado Island, Croat 6347 (MO). Summit Garden, Croat 10289 (MO). Road to Gamboa airport, Croat 14605 (MO). Road K-1OD near divide W of canal, Croat 15134 (MO). Farfan Beach, D'Arcy & D'Arcy 6069 (MO). Sosa Hill, Duke 4661 (MO). Miraflores, Dwyer 1009 (MO). Fort Clayton, Dwyer 1051 (MO). Gatiin, Hayes 676 (NY). Near Frijoles, King 5228 (US). Miraflores Locks, Stern et al. 77 (MO, US). Curundu, Tyson 1080, 1085, 6642 (all MO). Albrook Air Force Base, Tyson 1101 (MO). Miraflores locks area, Tyson 1256 (MO). Fort Sherman, Tyson & Blum 3775 (MO). Macapale Island in Madden Lake, Tyson 5481 (MO). Near Miraflores Lake, White 173 (MO). Near Salamanca Hydrographic Station, Rio Pequeni, Woodson et al. 1612 (MO, NY). CHIRIQUI: Quebrada Tuco, 9 mi S of Puerto Armuelles, Liesner 169 (MO). COCLE: Rio Hato Airstrip, Blum & Dwyer 2483 (MO). DARIEN: Manene to mouth of Rio Cuasi, Kirkbride & Bristan 1499a (MO, NY). PANAMA: Las Delicias, Carleton 47 (US). Ca. 1 mi N of Panam. Hwy. on road from El Llano, D'Arcy & D'Arcy 6127 (MO). Hills NE of Hacienda La Joya, 50-300 m, Dodge et al. 16878 (MO). Near Jemline, Rio Caijita, Duke 3811 (MO). Nueva Gorgona, Duke 4527 (MO). Near Goofy Lake, Cerro Azul, Ebinger 985 (MO). San Jose Island, Erlanson 360, 595 (both US). 7 mi W of Chepo, Gentry & Tyson 1634 (MO). San Jose Island, Johnston 890 (US). Ca. 13 mi SE of La Chorrera, King 5260 (US). Road to Cerro Jefe, Lewis et al. 227 (US). Rio Chilibre, Piper 5663 (US). Matias Hernandez, Pittier 6752 (NY, US). Taboga Island, Standley 27032 (US). Near Las Sabanas, Standley 40783 (US). Saboga Island, Pearl Islands, Tyson 5590 (MO). SAN BLAS: Perme, Cooper 272 (NY, US). Rio Ibedi, Mulatuppa, Duke 8507 (MO).
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