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(Last Modified On 2/7/2013)
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(Last Modified On 2/7/2013)
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Species
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CLEMATIS DIOICA L.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Syst. 10: 1084. 1759.
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Synonym
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Clematis americana Mill. Dict. No. 14: 1768. Clematis brasiliana DC. Syst. 1: 143. 1818. Clematis glabra DC. loc. cit. 1818. Clematis caracasana H. & B. ex DC. Syst. 1: 141. 1818. Clematis havanensis H. & B. ex DC. loc. cit. 152. 1818. Clematis caripensis HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 36. 1821. Clematis integra Vell. Fl. Flum. 241. 1825. Clematis discolor Gardn. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 2: 330, 1843. Clematis dioica var. a antillensis Eichl. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 13': 147. 1864. Clematis dioica var. brasiliana (DC.) Eichl. loc. cit. 148. 1864. Clematis dioica var. americana (Mill.) 0. Ktze. in Vcrh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 26: 103. 1885.
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Description
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Dioecious or polygamous lignescent vines climbing by means of foliar tendrils, the branches reddish-brown, striate, often pilose. Leaves opposite, with three (or more in var. brasiliana) leaflets, glabrate or pilose below, falcate-ovate, en- tire or with 1 or 2 apiculate teeth, apically acute to long-acuminate, basally rounded to subcordate, 2-8 cm. long, 1.5-5.0 cm. broad, with 3-5 nerves arising near the base, the petiolules 1.0-2.5 cm. long, the petioles to 8 cm. long, glabrous or pilose, the rhachis often coiling. Staminate flowers in axillary and terminal simple or compound dichasial cymes, the pedicels 10-30 mm. long, all branches subtended by progressively reduced bracts, glabrous or pubescent; sepals 4, oblong-obovate, 3-nerved, apically obtuse, marginally involute, 7-11 mm. long, 3.5-5 mm. broad; stamens numerous, the outer longer and perhaps infertile, the anthers basifixed, 2-celled, 0.7-1.0 mm. long, longitudinally dehiscent; filaments flattened; pistillodes plumose when present. Carpellate inflorescences similar to the staminate, the sepals 4, 3-nerved, early-caducous, 6-11 mm. long, 3-5 mm. broad; carpels numerous, ovary 1-2 mm. long, arcuate-ellipsoid, pubescent, the plumose styles 5-10 mm. long. Mature achenes compressed-ellipsoid, flanged, 2.5-4.0 mm. long, 1.0-2.5 mm. broad, reddish-brown, the elongate plumose styles with hairs to 5 mm. long.
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Habit
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vines
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Distribution
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Mexico through Central America and the West Indies to southern temperate South America.
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Synonym
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CHIRIQUI: valley of the upper Rio Chiriqui Viejo, White & White 107 (var. brasiliana); Jaremillo, Boquete District, 4500 ft., Terry 1279 (var. brasiliana); between Hato del Jobo and Cerro Vaca, eastern Chiriqui, alt. 700-1000 m., Pittier 5424 (var. brasiliana). COCLE: lower portion of valley and marshes along R. Ant6n, El Valle de Ant6n, ca. 500 m., Hunter & Allen 367 (var. dioica).
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Note
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As Standley and Steyermark pointed out (in Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 244: 247. 1946,) the two species found in Panama are not clearly differentiated, and this ob- scurity of definition is carried down to the varietal level also; so it is only with re- luctance that I refer the specimens of C. dioica to variety. The stems of the plant are used as cordage, the sap as a glue, and the seed pods as a kapok.
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