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Published In: Species Plantarum 2: 794. 1753. (1 May 1753) (Sp. Pl.) Name publication detailView in BotanicusView in Biodiversity Heritage Library
 

Project Name Data (Last Modified On 5/13/2022)
Acceptance : Accepted
Project Data     (Last Modified On 9/11/2020)
Contributor Text: A. Ghafoor
Contributor Institution: Centre for Plant Conservation, University of Karachi – Pakistan
Synonym Text:

Sonchus ciliatus Lam., Fl. Franc. 2: 87. 1779; Wight, Icon. Tab. 1141. 1845; S. laevis Vill., Hist. Pl. Dauph. 3: 158. 1789; S. umbellifer Thunb., Prodr. Pl. Cap. 139. 1800; S. royleanus DC., Prodr. 7: 184. 1838; S. mairei H. Lév.in Repert. Sp. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 284. 1913.

Flower/Fruit:

Fl. Per.: Almost around the year              Vern.: Agut, Aghut, Gogru, Goki Zaban

                                                                            Common Sowthistle (Engl.)

Type:

Lectotype: “Habitat in Europae cultis”  Herb. Linn. No. 949.6 (LINN).

Distribution:

A Native of Mediterranean  Europe, now widely distributed   after getting introduced and naturalization as weed of cultivated fields and wastelands in Africa, temperate and tropical Asia, Australasia, Northern and Southern America.

Comment/Acknowledgements:

This is a fairly common species,  grows abundantly in most regions of Pakistan in mesic to wet disturbed habitats along roads, disturbed ground, cultivated fields and irrigation channels.

The plants are  used as fodder for sheep, goats and camels in Balochistan and in spring as vegetable. It is considered famine food as well. Young shoots are used in salad and the leaves are often collected and cooked as vegetable.

Map Location:

A-7 Chitral Dist.: Morkoh, 55 miles from Chitral on way to Trichmir, 1 m tall herb, heads yellow, 16.8.1981, K. A. Malik & S. Nazimuddin 1433 (KUH); Chitral Dist.: Chitral City, cult field, 40 cm tall erect herb, heads yellow, 18.6.1987, A. Ghafoor & S. Omer 2520 (KUH); ibid, Laspur Gol, Harchin village, c. 20 km from Mastuj on way to Shandur Pass, sandy clay soil, 45 cm tall erect herb, heads yellow, c. 2600 m, 26.6.1987, A. Ghafoor& S. Omer 3112 (KUH); ibid, c. 34.4 km from Chitral on way to Booni, 40-60 cm tall, erect herb, heads yellow, c. 1700 m, 14.8.1992, T. Ali, S. Z. Husain & Gohar Khan 2351 (KUH); Gilgit Dist.: c. 35 miles from Gilgit on way to Skardu, c. 40 cm tall herb, heads yellow, 16.5.1983, S. Omer, S. Nazimuddin & A. Wahid 835 (KUH); Gilgit Dist.: Naltar, growing along water canal, 25 cm tall herb, heads yellow, c. 2800 m, 28.6.2003, J. Alam & Q. Ali 1891 (KUH); B-6 Dir Dist.: Rami village on way to Dir, soil clay loan, 30 cm tall erect herb, heads yellow, 19.6.1970, M. Qaiser & A.Ghafoor 1727 (KUH); B-7 Swat Dist.: c. 2 miles from Mingora towards Madayan, 11.4.1970, S. I. Ali s.n. (KUH); Mansehra Dist.: Mansehra city, 70-80 cm tall, erect herb, heads yellow, 27.8.1988, S. Omer & M.Qaiser 2183 (KUH); Kashmir: Rainawar, Srinagar, 1560 m, May 1937, Jean Stewart s. n. (RAW, KUH); B-8 Kashmir, vicinity of Pahlgam, on East Lidder River, 27 road miles north of Islamabad, July-August 1927, F. G. Dickason 991 (MICH); Astore Dist.:  Bungi village, 25 cm tall, erect, herb common; flrs. yellow, 1800 m, 2.5.2006, Ali Noor 487 (KUH); B-9 Skardu Dist.: Shigar, c. 2400 m, Aug. 1940, R. R. Stewart 20558A (RAW, KUH); ibid, Hushe River, erect, perennial, herb, cult. field, common, 2980 m, 5.9.2003, J. Alam & M. Alam 2313 (KUH); C-6 Peshawar Dist.: Residential Bungalows, Peshawar University Campus, c. 70 cm tall herb, heads yellow, 12.4.1970, S. I. Ali & S. A. Farooqi 1673 (KUH); C-7 Rawalpindi Dist.: Rawalpindi, 30.3.1939, Narindar Kumar 8 (RAW, KUH); ibid, Sargodha Dist.: Jinnah Garden, Sargodha, 30 cm tall, erect herb, sandy clay soil, heads yellow, 30.4.1969, S. Abedin 2491 (KUH); ibid, Campbellpur Dist.: Wah Garden, Wah, 60 cm tall herb, sandy clay soil, heads yellow, 540 m, 19.12.1969, M. Qaiser 252 (KUH); Rawalpindi Dist.: Murree Hills, between Chara pani (saline water) and Sunny Bank, Murree Rd, 25 cm tall, erect, annual herb, heads yellow, c. 1800 m, 11.10.1988, A. Ghafoor & T. Ali 4200 (KUH); Sargodha Dist.: Residential Area, Qaidabad Rd., Sakesar Base, 30-40 cm long herb, hanging from rock, head yellow, 9.9.1989, T. Ali & T. Ahmad 1801 (KUH); C-8  Kashmir: Pahlgam, c. 2160 m, 14.8.1920, R. R. & I. D. Stewart 5688 (KUH); D-4 Ziarat Dist.: Ziarat, 10.8.1939, Mohindar Nath 2299 (RAW, KUH); ibid, Ziarat, 30 cm tall, sandy loam soil, heads yellow, 9.9.1969, M. Qaiser 108 (KUH); Quetta Dist.: c. 8 miles from Wali Tangi on way to Urak, c. 40 cm tall, erect herb, heads yellow, 12.9.1970, M. Qaiser 2461 (KUH); ibid, Hanna Lake, c. 30 cm tall, erect herb, heads yhellow, 21.10.1986, A. Ghafoor & S. Omer 2113 (KUH); Balochistan University, Quetta, 8.7.1988, T. Ali & T. Ahmad 1253, 1254 (KUH); ibid, Wali Tangi, 12.7.1988, T. Ali & T. Ahmad 1381, 1384 (KUH); Ziarat Dist.: Sasnamana Forest, Ziarat, 17.5.1984, S. Omer & A. Ghafoor 1561 (KUH); Quetta Dist.: Quetta, 5500 ft., near garden, besides stream, 14.5.1952, Helen Crookshank 158 (K); D-5 Zhob Dist.: c. 100 km from Quetta on way to Zhob, 7.7.1988, T. Ali & T. Ahmad 1561 (KUH); D-8 Lahore Dist.: Shalamar Garden, Lahore, 28.4.1969, S. Abedin 2332, 2334 (KUH); E-4 Kalat Dist.: Kalat, 20.6.1957, S. M. H. Jafri 1931 (KUH); Baluchistan, Mastung, near Rest House, waste field, common, fls. Yellow, 5500 ft., 18.6.57, Jafri & Akbar 1801 (K); F-3 Panjgaur Dist.: Panjgaur, 3.4.1971, S. Abedin 6677 (KUH); G-4 Karachi Dist.: Nazimabad, Karachi, 17.11.1955, S. R. B. Rizvi s.n. (KUH); ibid: Malir Dist.: Malir,  3.12.1958, M. Aman Allah  s. n. (KUH);  Karachi Dist.:

Karachi University Campus, 8.1.1968, Khush Gul s. n. (KUH); ibid, Malir Dist.: Darsano Chano, 4.12.1968, S. Abedin 7 (KUH); ibid, 19.3.1969, S. Abedin 1317, 1321 (KUH); Karachi Dist.: Karachi Uni. Campus, 15.1.1985, Surayya Khatoon 151 (KUH); ibid, 23.1.1985, Abrar Hussain s. n. (KUH); ibid, 24.2.1986, Zeenat A. Razzak & Momin A. Razzak 100, 101 (KUH); ibid, Malir Dist.: Memon Goth, Malir, 16.2.1988,  A. Ghafoor, S. Khatoon & A. Hussain 3473 (KUH); G-5 Hyderabad Dist.: Tando Mohammad Khan, 30.12.1957,  M. J. Hussain s. n. (KUH); ibid, c. 10 miles before Daulatpur, Daulatpur-Hyderabad Rd., 25.1.1969, S. Abedin, S. I. Ali, S. A. Farooqi 535 (KUH); ibid, Hyderabad Dist.: Khipro, 22.1.1970, S. Abedin, S. I. Ali  & S. A. Farooqi 4295, 4300, 4301 (KUH).


 

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Annual or biennial, usually glabrous,  up to 1.4 (-1.5) m tall, erect herb with glaucous, purple or reddish-tinged uppermost parts of branches. Basal and lower leaves winged petioled,  narrowly obovate to oblong, 5 – 30 x 2 – 12 cm,  glabrous, usually pinnatipartite to pinnatisect, terminal lobe deltoid, lateral lobes  4-6, oblong, obtuse or acute,  weakly or scarcely prickly-margined; middle and upper stem leaves less divided, amplexicaul and with the auricles straight, entire or denticulate, acute. Capitula  numerous-flowered, 1.5 – 2.5  cm across, on up to 2.5 cm long, apically glandulose and tomentose  peduncles, borne in corymbose or panicle-shaped  synflorescence.  Involucre campanulate, 9 – 15  mm long at anthesis.  Phyllaries glandular or glabrous, membranous-margined, 27-35, outer deltoid, 3 – 5 x 1.5 – 2 mm, acute; inner  phyllaries linear to narrowly ovate, 5 – 15 x 2 – 2.5mm. Receptacle expanding and becoming pale and indurate in fruit. Florets with 5 – 6 mm long, apically hairy corolla tube and pale-yellow 6 – 7 mm long ligules.  Cypselas oblanceolate or obovoid, prominently or obscurely 3-ribbed on each face, distinctly compressed, 2.5 – 3.5  x 0.75 – 1  mm, not margined, strongly transversely rugose-scabrous on and between the ribs. Pappus 5 – 8  mm long, more or less persistent.

 
 
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