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(Last Modified On 6/3/2013)
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(Last Modified On 6/3/2013)
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Species
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Pseudelephantopus spicatus (Juss.) C. F. Baker
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PlaceOfPublication
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Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 12: 55. 1902.
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Synonym
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Elephantopus spicatus Juss. in Aublet, Hist. P1. Guiane 2: 808. 1775. Based on Sloane, Voy. Isl. Madera 1: -256, pl. 150, fig. 3-4. 1707. Distreptus spicatus Cass. in Levr., Dict. Sci. Nat. 13: 367. 1819.
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Description
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Erect, mostly perennial herbs or subshrubs 10-60 (-120) cm tall, often arising from a creeping rootstock; stem striate, sometimes hollow, the branching dichot- omous, ascending, the branches to 30 cm long, strigose, with trichomes 1.0-1.8 mm long. Leaves cauline, the lower oblanceolate, basally attenuate, acute at apex, sinuate or more commonly sparsely serrate, 4-21 cm long, 2-6 cm wide, char- taceous, strigose and resin-dotted beneath, merely hispid above, the pubescence at first dense, becoming sparse with age, the trichomes 0.8-1.8 mm long, the leaves becoming shorter and more oblong-elliptic upwards and merging into the bracts of the inflorescence, venation somewhat obscure above; petioles indistinct, winged, the blades essentially sessile. Inflorescences several racemose-spicate branches, the nodes with ? elliptic, leaflike bracts to 3 cm long, generally 5-20 mm apart; clusters of heads subsessile, solitary in the axils, scorpioid, conical, to 15 mm high and 10 mm across, loose, few-headed, the individual heads overlapping but distinguishable; bracteoles oblong, to 2 cm long. Heads with 4 florets; involucral bracts 8, similar, in 4 decussate pairs, the outer pairs progressively shorter, the inner 2 pairs subequal, oblong-oblanceolate, boat-shaped, 8-10 mm long, 1.5-2.0 mm wide, mucronate, keeled, glabrescent, green towards the apex, hyaline basally, on the keel, and along the margins; corolla white or lavender, the tube slender, 5-6 mm long, the limb 3-4 mm long, deeply divided on the adaxial side, 5-cleft, the lobes ca. 2 mm long; anthers ca. 1.5 mm long, basally sagittate, the lobes ca. 0.15 mm long, the apical appendage rounded, ca. 0.16 mm long; style branches flattened and stigmatic adaxially, ca. 1.2 mm long, strigulose on the abaxial side of the branches and for ca. 0.4 mm on the shaft apex. Achenes narrowly obovoid, slightly flattened, 10-ribbed, 5.5-7 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide at the apex, tapered to the base, hispidulous principally on the ribs, the trichomes ca. 0.2 mm long, usually resin-dotted principally between the ribs; pappus in 1 series of 6-10 bristles, with the 2 lateral bristles longest, 4-6 mm long, gradually dilated to 0.3 mm wide at the base, and conspicuously doubly bent for about 1 mm, and with 2 abaxial bristles longer than the others, 3-5 mm long, generally straight, the remaining 1-3 pairs shorter and less conspicuous, the bristles generally lacerate at the base.
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Habit
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herbs or subshrubs
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Distribution
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ranges throughout tropical Mexico, the West Indies, south throughout Central America and northern South America, including Peru; it is also reported from Chile. The species has been introduced to East Asia and the Pacific, and has recently been collected in West Africa. It is extremely common in pastures and clearings throughout Panama
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Note
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flowers almost exclusively between December and April. In Panama this species is usually called "chicoria" or "suelda consuelda," but is also called "escobilla blanca." Elsewhere (El Salvador) Pseudelephantopus spicatus is called "oreja de perro" or "oreja de chucho." A syrup from the plant is used to cure coughs; it is also used to make brushes and brooms. According to the information on Duke 10849 (San Blas), P. spicatus is called "candeabsurguit" and is "taken by [the] Cuna in the belief that it is vitamin rich." Information from Lazor & Correa 3383 (Darien) indicates the species may be believed to be useful in worming cattle.
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Common
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chicoria suelda consuelda
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Common
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escobilla blanca oreja de perro
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Common
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oreja de chucho
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Specimen
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BOCAS DEL TORO: Talamanca Valley, Carleton 107 (GH, US). Almirante, Cooper 143 (GH, US). Changuinola Valley, Dunlap 294 (US). Near Changuinola, Lewis et al. 831 (GH, MO, NY). Near Chiriquicito, Lewis et al. 2100 (ENCB, GH, MO). CANAL ZONE: Barro Colorado Island, Bailey & Bailey 116 (GH). Ft. San Lorenzo, Burch et al. 1023 (GH, MO, NY). Barro Colorado Island, Croat 4084, 4161, 4168, 6911, 8565 (all MO). Madden Forest, Croat 12894 (MO). Rio Azote Caballo, 66-70 m, Dodge et al. 16858 (MO). Las Cruces Trail, Dwyer 1962 (MO). Chagres, Fendler 175 (MO, US). Madden Forest, Fl6rez 56 (DUKE,
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Specimen
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MO). Ancon, Greenman & Greenman 5004 (GH, MO). Gatu'n, Hayes 476 (GH, NY, US). Pedro Miguel, Heriberto 45 (GH, NY). Near Arraijan, Lewis et al. 5185 (MO). Ancon, Macbride & Featherstone 14 (US). Empire to Mandinga, Piper 5504 (GH, US). Near Madden Dam, Porter et al. 4030 (MO, US). Gamboa, Porterfield s.n. (NY). Balboa Station, Porterfield s.n. (NY). Sosa Hill, Standley 26456 (GH, US). Near Summit, Standley 29533 (GH, US). Darien Station, Standley 31579 (US). Near Gatu'n Station, Tyson 2277 (MO). Ft. San Lorenzo, Tyson & Blum 3694 (FSU, MO). Near Cocoll, Wilbur et al. 12904 (DUKE, MO). CHIRIQUI: San Bartolo Limite, Busey 457 (ENCB, MO). Rabo de Puerco, Liesner 35 (MICH, MO, NY). Quebrada Melliza, Liesner 427 (F, MO). Rio Fonseca, McCorkle C-72 (FSU). COCLE: Rio Grande, Burch et al. 1173 (GH, MO, NY). El Valle de Anton 1000-2000 ft, Lewis et al. 2592 (DUKE, GH, MO). El Cope, 1500 ft, Tyson 5203 (DUKE, FSU, MO). COLON: Santa Rita, Kennedy 2766 (F, MO, NY, UC, MICH). DARIEN: Rio Pifias, Duke 10567 (MO, OS). Rio Pirre, Kennedy 2873 (C, F, MO, NY). Yaviza, Lazor & Correa 3383 (FSU). LOS SANTOS: Rio Pedregal, Lewis et al. 2977 (MO). PANAMA: Isla Taboga, Allen 1299 (GH, MO). Isla del Rey, Duke 9503 (MO, OS). Tocumen, Dwyer 4118 A (MO). San Jose Island, Johnston 971 (GH). Chiman, Lewis et al. 3313 (MO). Old Panama, Porterfield s.n. (NY). Taboga Island, Standley 27095, 27835 (both US), Saboga Island, Tyson & Loftin 5146 (DUKE). Chilibre, Tyson & Lazor 6107 (FSU). SAN BLAS: Perme, Cooper 257 (NY, US). Rio Ailigandi, Duke 10849 (MO, OS). Ailigandi, Lewis et al. 68 (GH, MO).
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