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(Last Modified On 5/12/2022)
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Acceptance
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Accepted
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(Last Modified On 5/22/2018)
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Contributor Text:
J. Osborne, R. Borosova & S. Landrein
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Contributor Institution:
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
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Synonym Text:
Prunus cerasifera subsp. divaricata (Ledeb.) C.K.Schneid., Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 632. 1906; Prunus cerasifera var. divaricata (Ledeb.) L.H.Bailey, Cycl. Am. hort., ed.1, 3: 1447. 1901; Prunus divaricata Ledeb., Ind. sem. horti dorpat. 1824: Suppl. 6. 1824; Prunus domestica var. myrobalana L., Sp. pl. 1: 475. 1753; Prunus domestica var. myrobolana Ser., Prodr. 2: 533. 1825.
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Flower/Fruit:
Fl. Per.: May, Fr. Per.: May – June.
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Type:
Type locality: “in dem Wallmodischen Garten zu Hannover” (in the Wallmodischen Garden in Hannover). Ehrhart also states “Ihr Vaterland ist Virginien” (its homeland is Virginia [USA]), however subsequent authors suggest that this is erroneous (Kovalev 1971, Tzvelev 2008). Type not located.
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Distribution:
Distribution: Pakistan, Kashmir, Caucasus, Central Asia, E Asia, Europe, Libya, N America, Russia, S America, SW Asia, Turkey. It is commonly cultivated as an ornamental and for its edible fruit (cherry plum).
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Comment/Acknowledgements:
P. cerasifera var. pissardii (Carrière) C.K.Schneid., Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 632. 1906 [P. pissardii Carrière, Rev. Hort., 6: 190. 1881; P. myrobalana f. pissardii (Carrière) Koehne, Deut. Dendrol.: 317. 1893] is a purple-leaved cultivated variety. It is listed by Stewart (1972) as cultivated in Pakistan but we have not seen any specimens. P. domestica L., Sp. Pl. 1: 475. 1753, [P. communis Huds., Fl. Angl. (Hudson), ed. 2, 1: 212. 1778; P. communis var. insititia (L.) Huds., Fl. Angl., ed.2, 1: 212. 1778; P. insititia L. Centuria Plantarum 1:12. 1755; P. domestica subsp. insititia (L.) Bonnier & Layens, Tabl. syn. pl. vasc. France: 95. 1894; P. domestica subsp. insititia (L.) C.K.Schneid., Ill. Handb. Laubholzk.: 630. 1906; P. domestica var. insititia (L.) DC., Fl. Franç. 4(2): 484. 1805; P. domestica var. insititia (L.) Fiori & Paol. [nom illeg.], Fl. Italia 1(2): 558. 1898; P. domestica var. insititia (L.) L.H.Bailey [nom illeg.], Rhodora 18: 155. 1916; P. enucleata Poir. var. insititia (L.) Poir. Encycl. 5: 678. 1804; P. x italica Borkh., Theor. prakt. Handb. Forstbot. 2: 1409. 1803; P. domestica subsp. x italica (Borkh.) Gams ex Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur., ed.1, 4(2), 1109. 1923] is the edible domestic plum. It is sometimes considered to be a hybrid between P. cerasifera Ehrh. and P. spinosa L.. Possibilities for the origin of this species or hybrid (P. x domestica) are discussed in Janick ed. (2012). P. insititia L. is included here as it is very difficult to separate from P. domestica due to morphological overlap, which may support a similar hybrid origin. Prunus bokhariensis Royle ex C.K.Schneid., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 1: 51. 1905, is listed by Stewart (1972) as a commonly cultivated plum in Pakistan. Royle’s type specimens are sterile (“Tree bought from Cashmere (Kashmir) garden” 1829, LIV!). According to Hook. f. (1878), Royle’s name refers to P. communis var. insititia (L.) Huds. (= P. domestica L.). However, Schneider (1905) describes it as a separate species though he questions whether it actually occurs in the wild, suggesting maybe in Kashmir. Further work is needed to determine if a separate species from P. cerasifera and P. domestica occurs in Pakistan. We have not seen any specimens that clearly differ from P. cerasifera and P. domestica.
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Map Location:
A-7 Chitral, Bundai, 4.5.1895, S.A.Harriss 16106 (K); B-7 Hazara, Shinkijari, 4.6.1899, J.F.Duthie s.n. (K); C-7 Kashmir, Banahal, 6000 - 7000 ft, 8.5.1848, T. Thomson s.n. (K).
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Shrubs or trees to 8 m high, sometimes with thorns. Perulate winter buds present. Young branchlets glabrous, often greenish. Leaf blade ovate to obovate, 3-8 x 1.5-5 cm, base cuneate to rounded, apex acute, margin crenate to serrate, sometimes doubly serrate, adaxially glabrous, abaxially glabrous or pubescent on veins, sometimes densely tomentose along midrib. Petioles 0.5-1.5 cm, glabrous to pubescent, eglandular. Stipules late caducous, linear to lanceolate with glandular teeth, apex acute to obtuse. Flowers solitary or rarely in pairs, 1.5-2.5 cm in diameter, usually appearing before the leaves. Pedicels 0.8-2.2 cm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Hypanthium campanulate, glabrous, 1.5-3 mm long. Sepals reflexed, ovate, 2-3 x 1-1.5 mm, obtuse at apex, sometimes toothed, usually white villous at base adaxially, glabrous abaxially. Petals white, rarely pinkish, oblong to obovate or suborbicular, 6-9 x 4-7 mm. Stamens 25-30; filaments glabrous, whitish, 4-6 mm long; anthers suborbicular, red or orange tinged. Ovary glabrous, rarely minutely villous towards base. Style slightly shorter than stamens, glabrous. Drupe red or yellow, glabrous, 1.5-3 cm in diameter, sub-globose to ellipsoid with a faint lateral furrow, sometimes with a small point at apex. Mesocarp fleshy and juicy, clinging to endocarp. Endocarp ellipsoid to ovoid, a little compressed, 1.2-1.5 x 0.9-1.2 cm, smooth to scabrous or slightly pitted, with lateral furrows.
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