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Published In: Species Plantarum 1: 493. 1753. (1 May 1753) (Sp. Pl.) Name publication detailView in BotanicusView in Biodiversity Heritage Library
 

Project Name Data (Last Modified On 9/22/2017)
Acceptance : Accepted
Project Data     (Last Modified On 7/9/2009)
Status: Native

 

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2. Rubus occidentalis L. (black raspberry)

Pl. 542 j, k; Map 2500

Canes to 400 cm long, erect, to 200 cm tall when young, but ultimately arching and often rooting at the tips. Primocanes bluish green in summer, turning purple (or rarely yellowish green) in winter, often glaucous, 3–6 mm in diameter. Prickles sparse to moderate, 0.2–1.7 prickles per cm of cane, broad-based and downward-curved, 3–5 mm long. Petioles armed with broad-based, downward-curved prickles 1–2 mm long. Stipules 4–8 mm long, threadlike. Primocane leaves palmately compound with 3(5) leaflets, the margins coarsely and doubly toothed, the upper surface glabrous to thinly hairy, the undersurface white-felted. Central primocane leaflets 7–12 cm long, 4–9 cm wide, ovate to elliptic, cordate to rounded at the base, angled or tapered to a sharply pointed tip, the leaflet stalk about 1/4–1/2 as long as the leaflet blade; lateral leaflets ovate to ovate-elliptic, rounded to broadly angled at the base, tapered to a sharply pointed tip, the middle pair (when present) stalked, the basal pair nearly sessile, occasionally with asymmetric basal lobes. Inflorescences simple to complex clusters, in extreme cases paniculate, 8–40 cm long, with (3–)5–19(–27) flowers and (3–)5–13 leafy bracts, these nearly all with 3 leaflets; flower and inflorescence stalks with fine hairs, needlelike prickles (that at 10× magnification seem to be made of ivory), and occasional small, broad-based prickles, the flower stalks branched on the most vigorous inflorescences. Sepals 5–9 mm long, 2–3 mm wide, triangular-ovate to triangular-elliptic. Petals 2–5 mm long, narrowly obovate, white. Fruits 12–15 mm long, 12–15 mm wide, hemispheric, purplish black (rarely amber) when ripe. 2n=14. April–June.

Scattered nearly throughout the state (northeastern U.S. and adjacent Canada south to South Carolina, Georgia, and Arkansas and west to Oklahoma, Nebraska, and North Dakota). Mesic upland forests, bottomland forests, bases and ledges of bluffs, banks of streams, upland prairies, loess hill prairies, and savannas; also pastures, fencerows, ditches, railroads, and roadsides.

 


 

 
 
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