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(Last Modified On 8/20/2013)
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(Last Modified On 8/20/2013)
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Species
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Calycophyllum candidissimum (Vahl) DC.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Prodr. 4: 367. 1830.
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Synonym
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Macrocnemum candidissimum Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: 3. 1791. TYPE: not seen. Mussaenda candida Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Meth. Bot. Suppl. 4: 395. 1797. TYPE: not seen. Mussaenda candissima (Vahl) R. & S. Syst. Veg. 5: 251. 1819.
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Description
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Trees to 15 (-40) m tall, the bark reddish brown, often exfoliate, the twiglets smooth, glabrous, rubescent. Leaves oblong rotund, obovate oblong and occa- sionally falcate, to 15 cm long, to 7 cm wide, obtuse at the apex, cuspidate, the cusp usually triangular, to 2.5 cm long, ca. 0.3-0.5 cm wide in the middle, basally attenuate cuneate or widely cuneate, often slightly inequilateral, the costa plane or immersed above, prominulous beneath, the lateral veins 8-10, arcuate, the intermediate veins parallel and branching near the margin, the intervenal areas spreading reticulate, papyraceous, often drying red brown, glabrescent or villos- ulose above and beneath, rarely with minute white raphides; petioles 3 (-4) cm long, slender, to 1.3 mm wide; stipules deciduous, oblong, ca. 2.5 cm long, obtuse, scarious, rubescent, villose. Inflorescences terminal (sometimes appearing axil- lary), paniculate, rarely shorter than the uppermost leaves, often flat topped or convex at the apex, to 20 cm long, usually with 3-4 peduncles arising from the tip of the twiglet, these strongly ascending, each with several strongly ascending branches, the flowers disposed in compound dichasia, the median flower of each cluster sessile. Flowers with the hypanthium turbinate, ca. 3 mm long, ca. 1.5 mm wide, truncate, glabrescent or villosulose with farinose glandular dots inter- spersed, the calycine cup less than 1 mm long, the teeth absent or often one expanded into a petiolate lamina, obovate spatulate, the blade to 3.3 cm long, to 2.5 cm wide, petaloid, glabrous, venose, the claw slender, ca. 0.2 cm wide; corolla white, the tube compressed cylindrical, ca. 3.3 mm long, densely villose within above the middle, the lobes 5, strongly reflexed, oblong, 3-4 mm long, obtuse, glabrous, venose; stamens 5, the anthers oblong, ca. 1.5 mm long, subversatile, the filaments slender, elongate, to 3 mm long, exserted, attached at the mouth; ovarian disc pulviniform, pubescent, 0.75-1 mm long, 0.4-0.6 mm wide, the style 3.3-5.3 mm long, ca. 0.15 mm wide, the stigmas 2, slender, ca. 2.2 mm long, curved or erect, puberulent, the ovary rotund in cross section, 2 loculate, the septum moderately thick, the ovules numerous. Fruits sessile or subsessile, ob- long, 0.5-1 cm long, truncate or rounded apically, usually obtuse or rounded at the base, lignose, villosulose, often with minute white raphides, drying tan, with ca. 8 delicate ribs, splitting from the apex, the margins of the valves wide; seeds to 5 mm long, the wing acuminate at each pole.
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Habit
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Trees
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Distribution
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widely distributed in Mexico and Central America, ranging south to Colombia and Venezuela. It also occurs in the West Indies.
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Note
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The hard, fine-grained wood has a variety of uses. In Panama it is used for charcoal.
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Common
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Alazano Guayabo
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Common
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Harino Madrofio
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Common
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Salamo
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Specimen
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CANAL ZONE: Albrook, Blum 2086 (MO). Chagres River, Boyd-Roosevelt Highway, Blum & Tyson 1981 (MO). Madden Dam, Dodge et al. 16500 (MO); Dwyer 8380 (MO); Lewis et al. 35 (F, GH, K, MO, NY, UC, US). Gattin, Johnston 1736 (MO). Boy Scout Camp Road, Madden Dam, Mori 4047 (MO). 1 km S of Madden Dam, Nee 8905 (MO). Rodman Naval Ammunition Depot, 1 mi SW of Cocoli, Wilbur et al. 12891 (MO). BARRO COLORADO ISLAND: Aviles 60 (F); Croat 8661, 12905 (both MO). COCL9: El Valle, Aguilar (MO). Rio Mata Ahogado, Allen 126 (MO). Cerro Pil6n, Lal- lathin 113 (MO). DARIEN: Santa F6, Rio Sabanas, Duke 10226 (MO). Punta Garachin6, Duke 10472 (MO). Hydro Pico, Pico Pendejo, Rio Sabanas, Duke 15434 (MO). Rio Chucunaque between Yaviza and junction with Tuira, Gentry & Mori 13483 (MO). Campamento Buena Vista, Rio Chucunaque, Stern et al. 966 (MO). Piriaque Camp, Tyson et al. 4761 (MO). LOS SANTOS: Tonosi, Duke 12486 (MO); Oliver et al. 3544 (MO); Stern et al. 1816 (MO). PANAMA: Pacora, Allen 1122 (MO). Isla El Rey, Correa 113 (MO). Cerro Azul, Croat 13007 (MO). Old Panama, Cooper 339 (MO); Greenman & Greenman 5142 (MO). Isla Espiritu Santo, Duke 10437 (MO). Bejuco, Duke 4581 (MO). Saboga Island, Miller 1962 (MO, US); Tyson & Loftin 5125 (MO). Chiva-Chiva Road, Smith & Smith 3340 (MO). W of Chepo, Tyson 5369 (MO).
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