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(Last Modified On 8/12/2013)
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(Last Modified On 8/12/2013)
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Species
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Zanthoxylum elephantiasis Macfad.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Fl. Jamaica 1: 193. 1837.
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Note
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TYPE: Ja- maica, Macfadyen (K, not seen).
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Synonym
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Fagara elephantiasis (Macfad.) Krug & Urb. in Urb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21: 564. 1896.
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Description
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Trees, 3-15 m high; trunks usually armed, the branchlets glabrous, unarmed. Leaves odd-pinnate, glabrous, to 26 cm long; petiole and rachis rounded, cana- liculate above, glabrous; leaflets 9-13, opposite or subopposite, elliptic to narrowly ovate, acute to narrowly acuminate apically, obliquely rounded or acute and inequilateral basally, the margins crenulate, the blade pellucid punctate through- out, the marginal punctations at the bases of the crenulations conspicuous, sub- coriaceous, darker above, 59-85 mm long and 22-40 mm wide, the petiolules canaliculate above, 2-8 mm long. Panicles terminal and axillary, compact, 1.5-5.5 cm long, the peduncles and branches glabrous, thick, drying to form reddish brown and whitish horizontal stripes. Staminate flowers with the pedicels to 1 mm long; sepals 5, suborbicular, obtuse, marginally scarious and irregular, ca. 1 mm long, to 2 mm wide; petals 5, elliptic oblong, obtuse, imbricate, 5-6 mm long; stamens 5, about as long as the petals; disc 5-lobed; ovary 5-lobed, rudi- mentary. Carpellate flowers like the staminate, except the stamens absent; carpels 5, connate. Follicles (1-)5, obovoid, punctate verrucose, glabrous, stipi- tate, 6-8 mm in diameter, the stipe 3-8 mm long; seeds black, lustrous.
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Habit
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Trees
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Note
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The single specimen known from Panama is staminate. Details of carpellate flowers and fruits given above are from Fawcett and Rendle (1920) in part.
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Distribution
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known from the Greater Antilles, Costa Rica and Panama
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Note
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In Panama it is known to flower in January or February. This species was collected in an area of thorn forest, the driest in Darien. When describing Zanthoxylum elephantiasis, Macfadyen stated, "I have given the specific name, from the resemblance of the bark of the stalk of the panicle, to the appearance of the skin of the feet in elephantiasis." This characteristic of the panicles renders the species easily recognizable when in flower or fruit.
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Specimen
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DARIEN: Near sea level, Garachine, Pittier 5693 (GH, US).
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