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(Last Modified On 8/16/2013)
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(Last Modified On 8/16/2013)
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Species
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Russelia sarmentosa Jacq.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Enum. P1. Carib. 6. 1760
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Note
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TYPE: Cuba, Jacquin, not seen.
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Synonym
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Russelia colombiana Pennell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 72: 186. 1920. TYPE: Colombia, Smith 1361 (NY, holotype; isotype, MO). Russelia flavoviridis Blake, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 24: 22. 1922. TYPE: Guatemala, Blake 7790 (US, not seen). Russelia tabacensis Lundell, Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 6: 59. 1941. TYPE: Mexico, Matuda 3524 (MICH). Russelia oxyphylla Lundell, Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 7: 51. 1942. TYPE: Panama, Bartlett & Lasser 16349 (MICH).
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Description
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Erect, branching herbs to 2 m tall; stems conspicuously slender, stiff, glabrate, sometimes tufted at the nodes, 4-8 angled, the angles drying stramineous. Leaves opposite or ternate, ovate, mostly 2-4 cm long, 1.5-3 cm wide, apically obtuse, acute, or acuminate, basally rounded, obtuse or truncate, rarely cuneate, the margins sharply serrate to serrate crenate, the venation pinnate, with 3-5 con- spicuous arcuate veins on each side, a minor vein extending to the tip of each tooth, ciliate, sparingly pubescent on each side with short, weak, whitish multi- cellular hairs, the hairs beneath fewer and confined mainly to the veins, scattered peltate glands abundant beneath and occasionally above; petioles short, 1-3 mm long, with thickened, basally tufted margins and with a medial callose thickening at the base. Inflorescences axillary fascicles of 1-3 short cymes; peduncles to 1.5 cm long, slender, angled, glandular, glabrate to pubescent, the nodes tufted and subtended with linear, pubescent bracts, the pedicels filiform, 1-3 mm long, slightly longer and stouter in fruit, sparingly glandular, glabrous, drying angled. Flowers small but showy, the calyx 5-lobed nearly to the base, ca. 4 mm long, the lobes long acuminate, basally broad and somewhat inflated to appear im- bricate when pressed, glandular, the costa pubescent; corolla showy scarlet, tubular, 6-15 mm long, sparingly villous near the base, 4-5 lobed, the lobes mostly subequal, short, oblong, the lower lobe bearded near the throat within with stout, unicellular hairs, pilose near the point of filament insertion; stamens 4, the filaments inserted near the base of the corolla tube, glabrous, the anthers ellipsoidal, divaricate, the connective minute, the lower pair situated unequally about 2/3 way up the tube, the upper pair barely exserted; staminode short bearing a sterile knob; ovary smooth, glabrous, narrowly conical ellipsoidal, the stigma linear, situated near the lower anthers. Capsule globose turbinoid, ca. 4 mm across, dehiscing loculicidally and septicidally, the valves venose, beaked, not separating widely, the placentas dark, turbinoid, sometimes somewhat convoluted, the septum remaining with the valves, the locules filled with short, stout, tawny hairs arising from the placentas; seeds dark reddish brown, ca. 0.6 mm long,
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Habit
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herbs
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Description
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oblong, evenly pitted and reticulate, the pits with glandular material resembling that of the leaf undersides.
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Note
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This species shows considerable variability, especially with respect to degree of pubescence and frequency of glands, but these differences do not warrant taxonomic distinction. Carlson (1957) recognized several variants from Panama but they represent unusual individuals rather than taxonomic populations.
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Distribution
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the most widespread species in the genus, ranging from Mexico to Colombia with representation in the Greater Antilles.
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Elevation
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sea level to at least 1,500 m
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Note
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occurring at forest edges, in pastures and along roadsides. It has considerable resistance to grazing. The erect, wiry stems and verticels of small, bright red flowers are distinctive.
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Key
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a. Stems glabrate. b. Plants eglandular ...... R. sarmentosa fo. eglandulata Carlson bb. Plants with glands ...... R. sarmentosa Jacq. fo. sarmentosa aa. Stems pubescent ...... R. sarmentosa var. nicaraguensis Carlson
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Specimen
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CANAL ZONE: Between Cruces Trail and Madden Dam Road, Bartlett & Lasser 16349 (MICH). Madden Forest, Croat 8943 (DUKE, MO). Salamanca Hydrographic Station on gorge of Rio Pequeni, Dodge et al. 16967 (MO). Drowned forest of Quebrada Tranquilla and branches, Dodge & Allen 17324 (DS, MICH, MO). Balboa Heights, Greenman & Greenman 5024 (MO). Cerro Ancon, Heriberto 130 (US). Collin d'Ancon, Balboa, Hladik 117 (MO). Ancon, Paul 149 (US); Piper 6021 (US). Rio Grande near Culebra, Pittier 2125 (US). Ancon Hill, Standley 26325 (US). Sosa Hill, Balboa, Standley 26478 (US). Balboa, Standley 27000 (MO, US). Old Las Cruces Trail between Fort Clayton and Corozal, Standley 29141 (US). Balboa, Standley 29313 (US). Pueblo Nuevo, White 297 (MO). CHIRIQUI: Paso Ancho to Monte Lirio, Allen 1582 (MO, US). 5 mi S of Boquete, Allen 4701 (MO) . Ridge above Brazo Seco near Costa Rican Border, 100-200 m, Croat 22552 (MO). 3 mi NE of El Hato del Volcan at base of Volcan Chiriqui, 1500-1800 m, Davidse & D'Arcy 10363 (MO). Bajo Mono, Boquete District, 4700 ft, Davidson 472 (MO, US). Lava fields near town of Volcan, 4600 ft, Duke 9134, 9144 (both MO). Between Boquete and Cerro Horqueta, Duke A13730 (DUKE, MO). Boquete, Llanos Francia, 4 mi toward Dolega, 4500 ft, Dwyer & Hayden 7595 (MO). Llanos between Boquete and David, Ebinger 748 (MO). Monchuila-Santo Domingo, Gonzalez 30 (MO). 4.1 mi from Boquete on road to David, Kirkbride 99 (MO). Boquete to 3 mi N. 3300- 4200 ft, Lewis et al. 358 (MO, US). 12.4 mi N of David, Lewis et al. 708 (MO). 2.2 mi E of El Hato del Volcain, Luteyn 808 (DUKE, MO). Between Cerro Vaca and Hato del Loro, 850-1100 m, Pittier 5384 (US). Llanos Francia near Boquete, 3300 ft, Stern et al. 1205 (MO). 3 mi N of El Volca'n on old lava flow, 5000 ft, Tyson 5724 (MO). Rio Chiriqui' Viejo valley, White 77 (MO). 2 mi S of Puerto Armuelles, Wilbur et al. 13587 (DUKE). COCLE: El Valle, 800-1000 m, Allen 92, 1156 (both MO), 2770 (US). Between Cerro Pilon and El Valle de Ant6n, 700-900 m, Duke & Dwyer 13907 (MO). W of Rio Guias, Gentry 5843 (MO). Ridge S of El Valle, 600 m, Gentry 6795 (MO). Rio Indio trail, El Valle de Anton, 500-700 m, Hunter & Allen 335 (MO). 5 mi N of El Valle de Anton, Luteyn 1182 (DUKE, MO). Crater around El Valle de Anton, Luteyn 1259 (DUKE, MO). 2 mi N of El Valle, 620-660 m, McDaniel 8259 (DUKE). Chigore de Penonome, Puga 4 (PMA). La Mesa, Weaver & Foster 1656 (DUKE). W slopes of Cerro Pajita, headwaters of Rio Guaybo, Webster 16821 (MO). SE of El. Valle de Anton, Wilbur & Luteyn 11171 (DUKE). W slopes of Cerro Pajita in crater of El Valle de Anton, 650 m, Wilbur et al. 15610 (DUKE, MO). Penonome, 50-100 ft, Williams 185 (US). COLON: Santa Rita Ridge 4-5.5 mi E of Transisthmian Highway, Lewis et al. 5274 (DS, MO). DARIEN: Chepigana, Duke & Bristan 266 (MO, OS). HERRERA: OCU, 100 m, Allen 4047 (MO). 12.5 mi S of Ocu, 1200 ft, Burch 1657 (MO). La Avena to Pese, 22 ft, Burch et al. 1298 (MO, US). Between El Potrero and Las Minas, D'Arcy & Croat 4152 (MO). Between Las Minas and Pese, Duke 12342 (MO). 21/2 mi N of Ocu, Graham 227 (MICH). 10 mi S of Ocui, Tyson et al. 2806 (MO). 1 mi N of Las Minas, Wilbur 12072 (DUKE). PANAMA: Alcade Diaz, Blandon 11 (PMA). Taboga Island, Celestino 53 (US). Sabanas 3 mi E of Juan Diaz, Cornman 2025 (US). Goofy Lake to Cerro Jefe, Correa & Dressler 457 (DUKE, MO, PMA). 3 mi from Interamerican Highway on road to Cerro Cam- pana, Croat 12062 (MO). Cerro Campana, Croat 12098 (MO). Near Calzada Larga, Croat 12387 (MO). Cerro Jefe, Croat 13041 (MO). Cerro Campana, D'Arcy 9561 (MO). Rio Chagres 1 mi above Madden Lake, Duke 4458 (MO). Near top of Cerro Campana, Duke 6004 (MO). Rio Pasiga near first sharp bend above the sea, Gentry 2249 (MO). Rio Tocumen N of Chepo road, Hunter & Allen 232 (MO). Cerro Azul, Jaen 35 (MO). Cerro Campana on road to Su Lin, 650 m, Kennedy et al. 2038 (MO). Taboga IslSE slope of Cerro Campana, Lewis et al. 3110 (MO). Cerro Campana, Luteyn 1060 (DUKE). Taboga Island, Macbride 2771 (US). Cerro Campana, Porter et al. 4319 (MO). El Espino de La Chorrera, Rodriguez 34 (DUKE, PMA). Chivo-Chivo, Solanilla 6 (MO, PMA). Taboga Island, Standley 27904 (US). W slope of Cerro Campana, 2500 ft, Tyson et al. 2381 (PMA). 9 km SE of El Valle de Anton, Wilbur et al. 11165 (DUKE). Isla Taboga, 0-186 m, Woodson et al. 1477 (MICH, MO). VERAGUAS: Santiago, 50 m, Allen 1081 (MO, US). Ca. 5 mi NE of La Mesa, Blum & Tyson 663 (MO). Carretera a San Francisco, Cisneros 13 (MO, PMA). Santiago near San Francisco, Dwyer 1240 (MO, US). N tip of Coiba Island, Foster 1640 (DUKE) . Between San Francisco and Santa Fe, Stern et al. 1913 (US). Near Santiago, Tyson 5175 (MO). Puerto Mutis, 12 mi S of Santiago, Tyson 6021 (MO). PROVINCE UNKNOWN: Duke 6191 (MO); Weston 5709 (MO).
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