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(Last Modified On 5/15/2013)
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(Last Modified On 5/15/2013)
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Species
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Physalis angulata L.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Sp. PI. 1: 183. 1753
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Note
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TYPE: Herb. Linn. 247.9 (LINN).
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Description
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Sprawling or erect herb to 1 m tall, stems angled, glabrous except for minute appressed hairs on the youngest parts. Leaves to 10 cm long, ovate or elliptic, apically acute or acuminate, basally' acuminate and often oblique, the margins entire, sinuate, dentate or irregularly incised, glabrate; petioles l/3-/2 as long as the leaves. Pedicels 5-12 mm long, mostly longer than the calyces, puberulent with fine antrorse hairs. Flowers with the calyx 3-5 mm long, 2-4 mm across at the base of the lobes, glabrous except at the margins and tips of the lobes, the lobes broadly acute; corolla usually without a contrasting eye, 4-10 mm long, sometimes reflexing backwards when fully open; stamens sometimes unequal, the filaments slender, the anthers bluish, sometimes fading yellow or drying or curling at maturity, 2-2.5 mm long. Fruits on slender pedicels mostly 10-25 mm long; fruiting calyx 10-angled or terete, 20-30 mm long, glabrous, often drying reticulate-veined or with a purplish cast; berry globose, 10-12 mm across.
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Habit
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herb
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Note
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The fruiting calyces of P. angulata have inconspicuous angles, and the name is derived from angles on the branches which are indeed conspicuous. Mature fruits on material from Panama and most material from North America have completely glabrous calyces. Occasionally plants are encountered with a few small hairs on the calyx ribs and minute puberulence on the main veins of mature leaves. The type specimen, cited above, is one of these plants, essentially glabrous but not entirely so. Features for recognition of P. angulata are the overall lack of pubescence, the terete or 10-angled calyces, and the corolla usually without a constrasting eye. This species lacks the stout white hairs on parts of the calyx that separate P. gracilis or P. lagascae, and the calyx lobes are never much more than equal the length of the tube in contrast to P. cordata. This is the commonest and most widespread species of Physalis. It has wide ecological tolerance but is perhaps best suited to ruderal habitats and other sites of disturbance.
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Distribution
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ranges from Manitoba to southern Argentina and is widespread in the Old World.
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Specimen
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BOCAS DEL TORO: Region of Almirante, Cooper 127 (F). Changuinola Valley, Dunlap 84a (F). 5 mi. N of Changuinola on the Changuinola River bank, next to the banana dump, Lazor et al. 2455 (F, FSU, GH, K, MO, NY, SCZ, UC, US). Town of Changuinola, field with foundation pits dug and lightly tilled followed by spot grazing, Lazor et al. 2598 (FSU). CANAL zoNE: 2 mi. S of Fort Sherman, Blum & Tyson 2010 (FSU, MO). Along road between Gatun & Fort Sherman on dry open recently graded ditch, Croat 15389, 15390 (both MO). Madden Dam area, Boy Scout Road, Dwyer & Lallathin 8817 (MO). Barro Colorado Island, Ebinger 594 (US). Chagres, Fendler 247 (MO, US). Near Culebra, 50-290 m, Pittier 2227 (F, US), 4782 (F, GH, US). CHIRIQUI: Quebrada del Medio, 2 km N of Punta de Burica, Busey 759 (C, MO). COCLE: El Valle de Anton, Aquilar 58 (MO). COLON: 1/4 mi. N of Maria Chiquita on road to Portobelo, Croat 11343 (MO). DARIEN: Along airstrip at El Real, Lazor & Correa 3409 (FSU, MO, SCZ). Near El Real, Stern et al. 453 (GH, MO, US). HERRERA: Between El Potrero and Las Minas, open weedy roadside, D'Arcy & Croat 4139 (MO). LOS SANTOS: Las Tablas, beach, Dwyer 1023 (MO). PANAMA: Main camp, weed in lawn, San Jose Island, Johnston 993 (GH). Dry woods, Taboga Island, Killip 3143 (MO). With Ricinus communis and cultivated bananas on brushy, weedy sandbar along Rio Pacora, 1 km upstream from Pacora, Nee & Mori 3620 (MO). Between Rio Pacora and Chepo, road- side savanna, Porter et al. 5126B (F, MO). Macapale Island in Madden Lake, common near top of flood plain, Tyson 5500, 5506 (FSU, MO). Marsh area 2 mi. S of Tocumen Airport, infrequent in marshy grazed area in sun, Tyson & Clewell 5925 (DUKE, FSU, MO).
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