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(Last Modified On 5/15/2013)
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(Last Modified On 5/15/2013)
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Species
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Lycianthes synanthera (Sendt.) Bitt.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Abh. Naturwiss. Vereine Bremen 24(2): 499-500. 1919 [1920].
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Synonym
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Solanum synantherum Sendt., Flora 29(13): 178 [194]. 1846. TYPE: Guatemala, Fried- richsthal 1292 (?W, not seen; MO, photo). Lycianthes chiriquiensis Standl., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. ser. 22: 100-101. 1940. TYPE: Panama, Chiriqui, Boquete, 1140 m, Davidson 623 (F, holotype; US, isotype).
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Description
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Shrub or tree to 10 m tall; sometimes (?hemi- )epiphytic; twigs glabrate with only a few minute, pulverulent hairs near the nodes or none. Leaves elliptic, apically long-acuminate, basally acute or obtuse, chartaceous, glabrous above but often drying with a punctate appearance, glabrate beneath and often barbellate in the vein axils, often some scattered hairs along the midvein; petioles 1-2.5 cm long; minor leaves wanting, or when present like the majors and giving the node an opposite-leaved appearance. Inflorescence solitary or a few- to many- flowered fascicle; pedicels slender, drying dark, glabrous or with a few minute, degenerate hairs, ca. 18 mm long, not altering much in fruit. Flowers with the calyx cyathiform, glabrous, edentate with little suggestion of teeth, 2-3 mm deep; corolla purplish, 10 mm long, lobed to near the base with narrow, membranous plicae, glabrous except for a few hairs at the tip of the lobes; stamens equal, the anthers 6-7 mm long, united into an ellipsoidal column ca. 3 mm across, glabrous, yellow; style slender, exserted. Fruits globose, fleshy, 7 mm across; the calyx becoming a woody peltate disc 5-6 mm across, free from the fruit; seeds 1.5 mm across, discoid with a distinct margin, foveate, yellow.
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Habit
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Shrub or tree
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Note
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In many specimens seen, the anthers are firimly connate. But this may not be so ifi all plants, and further field studies will be necessary to ascertain whether this connation is of specific importance. Bitter and Sendtner both note similarity between this species and L. heteroclita (Sendt.) Bitt. and indicate they differ mainly on the connation of the anthers. Bitter nevertheless described varieties of S. heteroclita with syngenesious anthers. No type material or photographs of type material of S. heteroclita have been seen at this writing, and this name is not used in the present treatment. Many collections labelled as L. heteroclita are referred to L. synanthera. This taxon is one of the most frequently collected of all species of Lycianthes.
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Distribution
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ranges from Mexico to Panama.
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Note
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A species of lower and middle elevations, it is apparently persistent in areas of disturbance. Lycianthes synanthera is similar to L. stellata (Jacq.) Bitt. of the Antilles, but that species has incipient teeth and a shorter sleeve. Specimens in bud may be difficult to distinguish from species of Witheringia.
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Specimen
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BOCAS DEL TORO: Daytonia Farm, region of Almirante, Cooper 396 (F, US). CANAL ZONE: Drowned forests of Quebrada Culebra, Dodge & Allen 17050 (G). Barro Colorado This content downloaded from 192.104.39.2 on Tue, 14 May 2013 16:07:58 PMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions1973] D'ARCY-FLORA OF PANAMA (Family 170. Solanaceae) 647 Island, Wheeler trail, Croat 10094 (ADW, BIRM, C, F, MO, MPU, PMA, UCWI), 10213, 11665, 11899 (all MO). cnmiQuiI: Progreso, Cooper & Slater 298 (A, F, NY, US). COCLE: Epiphyte, El Valle, Blum et al. 2383 (FSU, MO, PMA). Forest behind Club Campestre, 700 m, Duke 13254 (MO). El Valle, Dwyer 1841 (GH, MO). El Valle de Anton at foot of Cerro Pilon, 2,000 ft, cloud forest, Dwyer & Correa 7956 (COL, DUKE, MO, SCZ, UC). Cerro Pilon, 2,700 ft, Dwyer & Lallathin 8611 (MO), 8615 (MO, NY). Second growth forest, road behind pension at El Valle, Ebinger 949 (GH, MO, US). Without locality, Hunter & Allen 585 (G, GH, MO, NY). Hills NE of El Valle de Anton, 2,000 ft, disturbed forest edges, Lewis et al. 1712 (MO, US). El Valle, Tyson et al. 3966 (SCZ). COLON: Vicinity Giral near bat cave, Blum & Tyson 516 (MO, SCZ). PANAMA: Along highway near top of Cerro Cainpana, Croat 12087 (MO). Forests along headwaters of Rio Corso, 500 m, Duke 11925 (MO, OS). Rio Pacora just below confluence with Rio Corso, Duke 12005 (MO, WIS). VERAGUAS: Tute, Dwyer 4281 (MO).
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