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Published In: Species Muscorum Frondosorum 88. 1801. (Sp. Musc. Frond.) Name publication detailView in BotanicusView in Biodiversity Heritage Library
 

Project Name Data (Last Modified On 9/29/2009)
Acceptance : Accepted
Project Data     (Last Modified On 10/8/2017)
Plant Category: Mosses
General Reference:

Notes     (Last Modified On 10/8/2017)
Notes:

Polytrichum contains about 50 species distributed worldwide, but primarily of the temperate regions; possibly 6-8 species in the Neotropics. Open premontane to páramo and puna in the tropical Andes; in exposed sites, on soil and rocks. The genus is characterized by the differentiated limb and base, U- or pear-shaped lamellae extending over the costa and lamina, strongly 4-angled capsules, strongly constricted hypophysis below neck, 64 peristome teeth attached to an epiphragm, lower margin of epiphragm divided into lobes alternating with peristome teeth, and densely hairy calyptra.
 
Polytrichum contiene ca. 50 especies distribuidas en todo el mundo, pero principalmente de regiones templadas; posiblemente 6-8 especies en el Neotrópico. El género se caracteriza por presentar el limbo y la base diferenciados, lamelas extendiéndose sobre la costa y la lámina, con células terminales en piriformes o en forma de U, cápsulas con 4 ángulos bien definidos, hipófisis marcadamente constricta debajo del cuello, 64 dientes del peristoma adheridos a un epifragma, margen inferior del epifragma partido en lobos alternando con los dientes del peristoma, y caliptra densamente pelosa.
 
Status Unknown:
 
Polytrichum brachymitrium Müll. Hal., Linnaea 42: 468. 1879. Type: Venezuela. 1855, Fendler 71.
 
Polytrichum intermedium Herzog, Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 26(2): 75. f. 15. 1909, hom. illeg., Type: Bolivia. An Felsen bei der Abra de San Benito (Prov. Cochabamba), ca. 3900 m, Januar 1908, Herzog.
 
Polytrichum ramosum Schimp., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. s. 4: 166. 1897, nom. nud. Based on: Bolivia. Possible Mandon [1686 in Schimper herb.].

 

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Plants variable in size, mostly medium sized to large and robust, gregarious or more commonly forming tufts, dark green to reddish-brown. Stems erect, simple or few branched, reddish-brown; central strand well developed. Leaves erect-appressed to -spreading when dry, erect- to wide-spreading when wet, differentiated between sheathing base and limb, base oblong-ovate, limb lanceolate or ligulate-lanceolate, apex broadly acute to acuminate; margins of limb erect to broadly folded and forming a flap covering upper surface of limb, base entire, limb entire with apices toothed or sharply serrate; costae single, somewhat narrow in leaf base, expanding in limb to 2/3-4/5 of width, percurrent to short excurrent, often toothed distally on back; in cross-section stereids above and below guide cells; cells at transition between limb and base oblong-oblate, compressed and thick-walled; basal cells long rectangular, thin-walled; lamellae cells in many rows, 6-7 cells high, terminal cell pear-or U-shaped. Dioicous. Perigonia terminal; leaves strongly differentiated, short and broadly oval to ovate. Perichaetia terminal; leaves similar to stem leaves. Setae elongate, erect or weakly flexuose, rather stout. Capsules suberect to horizontal, urn somewhat longer than wide, 4-angled; neck short and compressed, constricted below urn base; opercula rostrate from a plano-convex base; peristome single, teeth 64, teeth attached to a think oval epiphragm, teeth alternating with short segments or lobes beneath epiphragm. Calyptrae cucullate, densely hairy. Spores appearing smooth.

 

Plantas de tamaño variable, generalmente medianas hasta grandes y robustas, gregarias o más comúnmente formando manojos, verde oscuras hasta pardo-rojizas. Tallos erectos, simples o poco ramificados, pardo-rojizos; cordón central bien desarrollada. Hojas erecto-adpresas hasta extendidas en seco, erecto- hasta ampliamente extendidas en húmedo, diferenciadas entre base envainadora y limbo, base oblongo-ovada, limbo lanceolado o ligulado-lanceolado, ápices ampliamente agudos hasta acuminados, concoloros o hialinos; márgenes del limbo erectos hasta ampliamente doblados y formando una solapa que cubre la superficie adaxial del limbo, base entera, limbo entero con ápices dentados o nítidamente serrados; costa simple, algo angosta en la bse de la hoja, expandiéndose en el limbo hasta ocupar 2/3-4/5 del ancho del limbo, percurrente hasta corto-excurrente, a menudo dentada distalmente en el envés; en corte transversal estereidas por encima y debajo de las células guía; células oblongo-oblatas en la transición entre el limbo y la base, comprimidas y con paredes gruesas; células basales largo-rectangulares, con paredes delgadas; células de las lamelas en muchas filas, 6-7 células de alto, célula terminal piriforme o en forma de U. Dioicas. Perigonios terminales; hojas marcadamente diferenciadas, cortas y ampliamente ovales hasta ovadas. Periquecios terminales; hojas similares a las hojas del tallo. Setas alargadas, erectas o débilmente flexuosas, bastante robustas. Cápsulas suberectas hasta horizontales, urna algo más larga que ancha, con 4 ángulos; cuello corto y comprimido, constricto debajo de la base de la urna; opérculo rostrado desde una base plano-convexa;  peristoma simple, con 64 dientes, dientes adheridos a un epifragma oval delgado dientes alternando con segmentos cortos o lobos debajo del epifragma. Caliptra cuculada, densamentepilosa. Esporas de apariencia lisa.

 

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1. Leaf limb margin folded and covering most of upper surface (in cross-section); terminal lamellae cells pear-shaped viewed in cross-section … P. juniperinum

1. Leaf margins slightly incurved, but not folded over entire upper limb surface (in cross-section); terminal lamellae cells U-shaped viewed in cross-section … 2.

2. Leaves bluntly acute; costa ending in acumen … P. ericoides

2. Leaves long acuminate; costa long excurrent and toothed … P. commune

 

 

 
 
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