Tropicos | Name - !Bryum apiculatum Schwägr.

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!Bryum apiculatum Schwägr.

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Project data (Last Modified On 2/22/2011)

Discussion:

Bryum apiculatum has ovate‑lanceolate leaves that are distantly spaced below and erect‑imbricate near the apex in somewhat the same way as those of Anomobryum. Distinctive features of the species include its elimbate leaves with long leaf cells and percurrent to short-excurrent costae. In these features B. apiculatum resembles Pohlia (see Andrews 1940, Crum & Anderson 1981), but its appendiculate endostomial cilia and quadrate alar cells indicate the genus Bryum. Within Bryum it appears to be closely related to the alpinum‑group which characteristically has narrow leaves, percurrent costae, long upper leaf cells, and quadrate alar cells.

When Hooker published the name Bryum nitens he failed to cite any specimens. Ochi (1970a, 1972) lectotypified the name using a Wallich specimen in Hooker's herbarium. Ochi's (1972) illustrations of this specimen closely conform to B. apiculatum. Hooker's original illustrations of B. nitens, however, bear little resemblance to B. apiculatum.

Illustrations: Schwaegrichen (1816, Tab. 72 1‑10); Dozy and Molkenboer (1854, Tab. 4 1–24); Bartram (1933, Fig. 87 a–d, as B. mauiense); Andrews (1935, Pl. 81 B); Bartram (1949, Fig. 76 A–C); Ochi (1959, Fig. 5 A–O, as B. plumosum); Breen (1963, Pl. 63 1–9); Florschütz (1964, Fig. 73 a–g); Ochi (1970a, Fig. 47 A–G); Ochi (1972, Fig. 43 A–I); Ochi (1974, Fig. 3 A–Q); Crum and Anderson (1981, Fig. 245 F–L); Koponen and Norris (1984, Fig. 4 a–d); Reese (1984, Fig. 35 E–G); Sharp et al. (1994, Fig. 355 a–i). Figure 138 A–D.

Habitat: On rock, brick, bark, rotting wood, sandy soil, soil in flower pots, along streams and waterfalls; sea level–1700 m.

Distribution in Central America: BELIZE. Cayo: Allen 18205 (BRH, MO); Toledo: Gentle 7127 (MO). GUATEMALA. Chiquimula: Steyermark 30878 (F); Escuintla: Standley 60167 (F); Huehuetenango: Hermann 26323 (F); Izabal: Standley 72462 (F); Zacapa: Steyermark 29389 (F). HONDURAS. Atlántida: Standley 54033 (F); Comayagua: Olson 84‑28 (MO); Francisco Morazán: Standley 12282 (F). NICARAGUA. Chontales: Standley 8978 (F); Granada: Hahn 391 (MO); Managua: Danin (MO); Masaya: Santos 50 (MO); Matagalpa: Richards et al. 3705 (F, MO, NY, TENN); Zelaya: Seymour s.n. (MO). COSTA RICA. Alajuela: Lyon 360 (CR, MO); Cartago: Hammel 18332 (MO); Heredia: Grayum 9631 (CR, MO); Limón: Croat 43309 (MO); Puntarenas: Bowers 536d (MO); San José: Crosby & Crosby 6262 (MO). PANAMA. Bocas del Toro: Allen 5677 (MO, PMA); Canal Area: Nee 6950 (MO, PMA); Colón: Nee 6583 (MO); Panamá: Busey 556 (MO, PMA); Veraguas: Mendoza 864 (MO, PMA).

World Range: Southeastern U.S.A.; Mexico; Central America; Caribbean, Western, Northern, and Southern South America, Brazil; Eastern Asia; Macaronesia, West, West‑Central, and East Tropical Africa, Southern Africa, Western Indian Ocean; Indian Subcontinent, Indo‑China, Malesia; Australia; Northwestern, North‑Central, Southwestern, and South‑Central Pacific.

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Bryum apiculatum Schwaegr., Sp. Musc. Frond., Suppl. 1(2): 102. 1816.

Pohlia apiculata (Schwaegr.) Crum & Anders., Mosses E. N. Amer. 1: 534. 1981. Protologue: South America. In america meridionali lectum, ni fallor, Richardus dedit.

Bryum nitens Hook., Icon. Pl. 1: 19. 1836. Protologue: India, no specimen cited. Lectotype: India. E. India, Wallich sub Hooker 2877a (BM, Ochi 1970a, 1972).

Bryum lansbergii Dozy & Molk., Prodr. Fl. Bryol. Surinam. 40. 1854. Protologue: Venezuela. Ad terram prope Carracas, unde doct. P. W. Korthals reportavit et vir nobiliss. Van Lansbergen nobiscum communicavit.

Bryum cruegeri Hampe in C. Müll., Syn. Musc. Frond. 1: 300. 1848. Pohlia cruegeri (Hampe) Andrews in Grout, Moss Fl. N. Amer. 2(3): 205. 1935. Protologue: Trinidad. Insula Trinitatis: Crüger (BM, Florschütz 1964); Surinam prope Paramáribo in locis apricis: Kegel, Julio. Coll. No. 503 (GOET, PC, Florschütz 1964).

Plants small to medium-sized, lustrous, yellowish green to reddish yellow in loose tufts to 3 cm high; rhizoids moderately developed at base. Leaves 1–2 mm long, erect to erect spreading and well‑spaced below, erect‑imbricate and crowded at apex when dry or wet, ovate‑lanceolate; apices broadly acute; margins erect below, plane above, not bordered, entire or weakly serrulate above; costa shortly excurrent in a small apiculus; upper cells linear‑fusiform, thin- or firm‑walled, 50–90 μm long, basal cells long‑rectangular, 40–60 μm long, alar cells quadrate 20–26 μm long. Leaf axils occasionally with small, brown to reddish, globose gemmae. Dioicous. Setae 15–25 mm long, red. Capsules 1.5–2.5 mm long, red, oblong‑cylindrical, inclined to pendent, neck abruptly narrowed and constricted; opercula 0.5 mm long, conic to minutely conic‑mammillate; exostome teeth orange below, yellow above, densely papillose, endostome yellowish hyaline, lightly papillose, basal membrane to ½ of exostome teeth length, segments well-developed, narrowly perforate, cilia 2‑3, appendiculate. Spores 12–16 μm, lightly roughened. Calyptra not seen.