Tropicos | Name - !Zygodon reinwardtii (Hornsch.) A. Braun

Cent. Amer. Moss > Orthotrichaceae > Zygodon > Zygodon reinwardtii

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!Zygodon reinwardtii (Hornsch.) A. Braun

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Project Name Data (Last Modified On 3/9/2011)

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Project data (Last Modified On 3/9/2011)

Discussion:

Zygodon reinwardtii is a medium-sized species with leaves that are erect-contorted and sharply keeled above when dry. Zygodon campylophyllus is similar to it in size and in having more or less dentate upper leaf margins but differs in its dioicous sexual condition, double peristome, and brittle often broken leaves that are squarrose‑reflexed when wet.

Zygodon reinwardtii is sexually inconsistent; most collections are synoicous, but occasionally autoicous collections are found with perigonia either just below the perichaetia or at the tips of separate branches. Nevertheless, sporophytes are nearly always present in collections of this species. The peristome in Z. reinwardtii is reduced to slender endostomial segments that are easily eroded, making the capsules appear eperistomate. Although its capsules are reported to have either 8 or 16 endostomial segments, all Central American material of Z. reinwardtii with mature, operculate capsules had 16 segments. The costa in Z. reinwardtii is covered by small papillose cells only near the apex, and this feature can be used to distinguish it from Z. liebmannii which has the upper one‑half of the costa covered by such cells. Zygodon ehrenbergii and Z. viridissimus can usually be distinguished from Z. reinwardtii by their entire leaf margins and dioicous sexual condition. However, both species occasionally have a few small teeth at the extreme leaf apex. Zygodon viridissimus is a smaller plant than Z. reinwardtii while Z. ehrenbergii is similar in size.

Illustrations: Reinwardt and Hornschuch (1829, Pl. 39 a); Schwaegrichen (1842, Pl. 312 a); Dozy and Molkenboer (1859, Tab. 87); Malta (1926, Figs. 68 & 70); Bartram (1933, Fig. 106); Bartram (1949, Fig. 94 D–F); Li (1985, Pl. 101 28–37); Sharp et al. (1994, Fig. 451); Churchill and Linares (1995, Fig. 140 g–j). Fig. 272.

Habitat: On bark of tree (Quercus, Pinus, and Cupressus) trunks, branches, upper twigs, vines, fallen logs, ericaceous shrubs, and bamboo, occasionally terrestrial; 1600–3400m.

Distribution in Central America: GUATEMALA. El Progreso: Steyermark 43119 (F); Huehuetenango: Sharp 4947b (TENN); Jalapa: Steyermark 32758a (F); Quezaltenango: Sharp 2035 (MO, TENN); Quiché: Sharp 2350 (TENN); San Marcos: Smith et al. 934b (F); Totonicapán: Sharp 2609 (TENN). HONDURAS. Comayagua: Allen 14022 (MO, TEFH); Cortés: Allen 14265 (MO, TEFH); Francisco Morazán: Standley 11845 (F); Lempira: Allen 12190 (MO, TEFH); Olancho: Allen 12696B (MO, TEFH). COSTA RICA. Alajuela: Brenes 1034 (NY); Cartago: Bowers 625d (MO); Heredia: Crosby 9914 (MO); Puntarenas: Gómez et al. 21829 (MO); San José: Crosby & Crosby 6115 (MO). PANAMA. Bocas del Toro: Gómez et al. 22490 (MO); Chiriquí: Allen 9090 (MO, NY, PMA).

World Range: Subarctic America, Western Canada; Mexico; Central America; Caribbean, Western, Northern, and Southern South America, Brazil; East Tropical Africa, Western Indian Ocean; China; Indian Subcontinent, Malesia; Australasia; North-Central Pacific.

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Zygodon reinwardtii (Hornsch.) Braun in B.S.G., Bryol. Eur. 3: 41. 1838.

Syrrhopodon reinwardtii Hornsch. in Reinw. & Hornsch., Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.‑Carol. Nat. Cur. 14(2): 700. 1829. Protologue: Indonesia. In Iava, [Reinwardt].

Zygodon moritzianus C. Müll., Linnaea 19: 199. 1847. Protologue: Venezuela. Merida, in montibus nivosis [Moritz].

Zygodon denticulatus Tayl., London J. Bot. 6: 329. 1847. Protologue: Ecuador. On Pichincha, Prof. W. Jameson. Nov. 1846.

Zygodon subdenticulatus Hampe, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. sér. 5, 4: 326. 1865. Protologue: Colombia. Bogota, Pacho, Chiquinquira, Guadalupe, Tequendama, Canoas et Paramo Choachi, altit. 2090–3600 metr., in sylv. sub n° 2092, 2126, 2129 et 2145 [NY], leg. A. Lindig.

Zygodon andinus Mitt., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 12: 236. 1869. Protologue: Ecuador. Andes Quitenses, in monte Pichincha (9000 ped.), in devexu australi, Spruce, n. 117.

Zygodon circinatus Schimp. ex Besch., Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg 16: 187. 1872. Protologue: Mexico. Cordova (F. Müller).

Zygodon glaziovii Hampe, Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn ser. 3, 6: 142. 1874. Protologue: Brazil. [a clar. Dr. A. Glaziou in vicinia urbis Rio de Janeiro lecti], Sub Nr. 7063 parcis statu juniore sine calyptra lectus.

Zygodon ceratodontoides C. Müll., Flora 58: 535. 1875. Protologue: Colombia. Nova Granata, Ocanna, Cerro pelado, 11,000 pedes altus: G. Wallis 1874.

Zygodon caldensis Ångstr., Öfvers. Förh. Kongl. Svenska Vetensk.‑Akad. 4: 15. 1876. Protologue: Brazil. [Caldas], S. Henschen in ligno putrido legit.

Zygodon fendleri C. Müll., Linnaea 42: 484. 1879. Protologue: Venezuela. [Fendler]28.

Zygodon gymnus C. Müll., Linnaea 42: 485. 1879. Protologue: Venezuela. [Fendler]27. (NY).

Plants small to medium-sized, in loose mats, reddish brown below, dark-green above. Stems erect 4–25 mm high, moderately tomentose. Leaves erect‑patent, irregularly twisted, to contorted and loosely spiraled around the stems, more or less undulate when dry, spreading or sub‑squarrose when wet, 1.8–2.3 mm long, oblong‑lanceolate; apices sharply acute, often apiculate; margins entire below, sharply dentate‑serrate near apex, plane or weakly recurved below, undulate; costae stout, percurrent or ending just below apex, dorsal surface near apex with short, papillose, quadrate cells; upper cells 8–12 μm, rounded, irregularly hexagonal to oblate, densely pluripapillose, incrassate, basal cells near costa elongate‑rectangular, smooth, 16–50 μm long. Brood bodies not seen. Mostly synoicous, occasionally autoicous with perigonia just below the perichaetial, rarely perigonia on separate branches. Setae 10–21 mm long, smooth, yellow. Capsules 2–3 mm long, oblong to cylindric, 8‑ribbed when dry, constricted at base and more or less puckered at mouth; opercula conic‑rostrate, to 1 mm long; peristome single, exostome absent, endostome of 16 (or 8?) short, slender, hyaline, fragile segments. Spores isosporous, 24–30 μm, papillose. Calyptrae cucullate, smooth, 2–3 mm long.