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Published In: Hooker's Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany 3: 51. 1851. (Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc.) Name publication detailView in BotanicusView in Biodiversity Heritage Library
 

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Discussion:

Streptopogon erythrodontus is distinguished from the other Central American species of Streptopogon by its lanceolate, serrate leaves that have a toothed awn and are distinctly bordered by several rows of long, narrow leaf cells. Costal morphology in this species is difficult to evaluate because of the large size of the dorsal substereid cells. Koponen and Norris (1989) interpreted  the costa as having median guide cells positioned below two rows of ventral epidermal cells. This interpretation seems valid when examining sections made from the upper parts of the leaf, however, when examining sections from the lower 1/3 of leaf the guide cells appear to be  superficially exposed.

The Central American collections of this species are stenotypic in terms of their strong leaf border, however the above synonymy reflects a remarkable variability in leaf border and an associated tendency for the development of marginal, uniseriate filaments. Salmon (1903) noted that African plants of S. erythrodontus generally have a weaker leaf border and that some South American collections were identical to the African plants in this regard. An amazing range of variability in leaf border is present in the type collections of S. heterophyllus: some plants have very strong leaf borders, other have reduced leaf borders and some no leaf border. In S. heterophyllus there is also a tendency for plants with weak or absent borders to have uniseriate filaments from the upper marginal leaf cells (see Herzog 1916, Fig. 12). Plants exhibiting a similar type of variation also occur in New Guinea (see Koponen & Norris 1989 Fig. 15 e–i) and Africa. The Mexican S. matudianus displays another aspect of this variation: the leaves are either unbordered or the border is present only in the lower 1/3 of the leaf and all of the leaves appear capable of having uniseriate filaments from the upper marginal leaf cells (see Crum 1952a, Fig A, Sharp et al. 1994, Fig. 266).

Illustrations: Salmon (1903, Pl. 8 1–27); Herzog (1916, Fig. 12); Bartram (1933, Fig. 63); Bartram (1949, Fig. 60 E–G); Crum (1952a, Fig. A); De Sloover (1976, Figs. 56–79); Zander (1993, Pl. 41 1–10); Sharp et al. (1994, Fig. 263); Churchill and Linares (1995, Fig. 160 f–j); Matteri and Schiavone (1998, Fig. 3). Figure 73.
Habitat: On twigs, branches, and herbaceous plants (Solanum); 2450–3200 m.
Distribution in Central America: GUATEMALA. Quezaltenango: Sharp 5047 (F, FH, MICH, TENN, US). COSTA RICA. Cartago: Crosby & Crosby 6132 (MO); San José: Crosby & Crosby 6098 (MO).
World Range: Mexico; Central America; Caribbean, Western and Northern South America; Northeast, West-Central, and East Tropical Africa, Western Indian Ocean; Malesia; North-Central Pacific.

 

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Streptopogon erythrodontus (Tayl.) Wils., Hooker’s J. Bot. Kew Garden Misc. 3: 51. 1851. 

Barbula erythrodonata Tayl., London J. Bot. 5: 50. 1846. Protologue: Ecuador. On Pichincha, near Quito, Prof. William Jameson, (Dr. Greville’s Herbarium).

Streptopogon rutenbergii C. Müll., Abh. Naturwiss. Vereine Bremen 7: 207. 1881. Streptopogon erythrodontus var. rutenbergii (C. Müll.) Salm., Ann. Bot. (London) 17: 113. 1903. Protologue. Madagascar. Wald von Ambatondrazaka, 6 Decbr. 1877, in wenigen Individuen.

            Streptopogon heterophyllus Herz., Biblioth. Bot. 87: 46. 1916. Protologue: Bolivia. An Bäumchen beim Asiento (Aracatal), ca. 3800 m, [Herzog] No. 2992 (JE); an Bäumen bei Samaipata (Ost-Cordillere) ca. 1700 m,  [Herzog] No. 5125 (JE); an Bäumchen bei Altamachi, ca 3500 m,  [Herzog] No. 3858 (JE).

Steptopogon matudianus Crum, Bryologist 55: 51. 1952. Protologue. Mexico. On the bark of an ash tree below El Puerto, above Acultzingo, Estadao de Veracruz, México, 7300 ft. elev., Aaron J. Sharp 689, September 13, 1944 (MICH), syn. nov. 

Plants small to medium-sized, scattered or gregarious, dark-green, reddish green to reddish yellow, corticolous. Stems 10–30 mm high, irregularly branched, central strand absent, cortical cells thin-walled, hyaline, uniform throughout; rhizoids in dense clusters on lower parts of stem, densely branched, branches often at right-angles. Leaves 4–7 mm long, lanceolate, erect at base, more or less keeled, evenly spaced, erect, crispate and contorted  when dry, wide-spreading when wet; apices acuminate, cuspidate to long-awned; margins sharply serrate, plane, bordered by several rows of long, narrow cells; costa excurrent as a toothed awn, ventral surface cells rectangular, smooth on both surfaces, guide cells and single (dorsal) stereid or substereid cells present, dorsal surface cells enlarged, ventral surface cells absent the guide cells ventrally exposed; upper cells rectangular to rhomboidal 30–70 x 10–24 μm, thin-walled, somewhat bulging near costa, smooth on both sides, marginal cells long, narrow, thick-walled in 2–3 rows, basal cells long-rectangular, thin-walled, bulging, smooth, 44–100 x 14–24 μm, alar cells not differentiated. Asexually reproducing by long uniseriate, marginal propagula. Autoicous. Setae 2–4 mm long, reddish yellow. Capsules cylindrical, erect, 2–4 mm long, smooth, yellowish brown; exothecial cells rhomboidal, thin-walled; stomata at base of capsule; opercula conical, 1.5 mm long; annuli adherent, 1–2 rows of non-vesiculose, thick-walled cells, adherent to operculum on dehiscence; peristome teeth 1–1.4 mm long, dark red, teeth filamentous, spiculose, twisted several turns, basal membrane short, red above, hyaline at base. Spores granular, 18–22 μm. Calyptrae campanulate, 2 mm long, lobed at base, roughened to hispid.

 

 

 
 
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