2. Syntrichia fragilis (Taylor) Ochyra 希氏赤藓 xi-shi chi-xian
Fragm. Florist. Geobot. 37: 212. 1992. Barbula fragilis (Taylor) Müll. Hal., Syn. Musc. Frond. 1: 634. 1849. Tortula fragilis Taylor, London J. Bot. 6: 333. 1847. Type. Europe.
Syntrichia schmidii (Müll. Hal.) Mitt., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot., Suppl. 1: 39. 1859. Tortula schmidii (Müll. Hal.) Broth., Nat. Pflanzenfam. I(3): 434. 1902. Barbula schmidii Müll. Hal., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 11: 58. 1853.
Plants small, but rather thick, to 1.2 cm high, dark green to reddish brown, in loose tufts. Stems erect, simple, radiculose at base; central strand present. Leaves contorted-curved when dry, spreading when moist, oblong-ligulate to spathulate, rounded-obtuse to abruptly acute or mucronate at apex; margins often recurved, crenulate by projecting papillae; costa stout or rather slender, percurrent, often reddish brown, smooth on the dorsal surface; upper leaf cells subquadrate to rounded-hexagonal, green, each cell densely covered with several C-shaped papillae; basal cells distinctly differentiated, rectangular, thin-walled, hyaline, smooth. Autoicous. Setae elongate, 4–6 mm long, yellowish brown; capsules erect or slightly inclined, cylindrical; peristome teeth 32, linear or filiform, twisted, papillose; basal membrane high.