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(Last Modified On 10/28/2012)
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(Last Modified On 10/28/2012)
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Genus
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SISYRINCHIUM L.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Sp. Pl. 954. 1753.
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Synonym
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Bermudiana Adans. Fam. 2:60. 1763. Hydastylus Dryand. ex Salisb. Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. 1:310. 1812. Soruza Vell. Fl. Flum. 273. 1825. Olsynium Raf. New Fl. N. Amer. 1:72. 1836. Pogadelphia Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4:29. 1836. Paneguia Raf. loc. cit. 34. 1836. Echthronema Herb. in Bot. Reg. Misc. N. S. 6:85. 1843. Eriphilema Herb. loc. cit. 1843. Glumosia Herb. loc. cit. 1843. Androsolen Lem. in Fl. Serres 2:146. 1846. Spathirachis Klotzsch apud Klatt, in Linnaea 31:96. 1861. Oreolirion Bickn. apud Wooton & Standl. in Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 19:147. 1915.
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Description
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Small or mediocre herbs with fibrous or tuberous roots; leaves basal or both basal and cauline, ensiform to linear-ensiform, equitant; flowering stem leafless or leafy, simple or branched, bearing a cluster of few to several rather small pedi- cellate flowers partly enclosed by 2 more or less foliaceous equitant spathes; perianth with a short tube above the ovary, the segments equal or subequal, petaloid, more or less spreading above the base; stamens 3, inserted at the base of the perianth; filaments free or more or less connate; anthers versatile; ovary globose to turbinate or oblongoid, 3-celled; style subulate; stigmas 3; fruit a loculicidally 3-valved capsule.
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Habit
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herbs
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Key
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a. Flowering stems bearing 1 or more leaves and usually branching at least once(except in S. chiricanum),only slightlywinged or ancipitous. b. Plants caespitose, forming grass-like turfs, not greatly discoloring in drying; roots slender and fibrous, the hairs extremely inconspicuous; perianth blue to pinkish lavender, usually pale yellowish at the base, about 0.7 cm. long; stamen filaments connate to the anthers; cap- sules globose, about 0.3 cm. in diameter; seeds about 0.1 cm. in diameter, conspicuously reticulate-foveolate -1. S. MICRANTHUM bb. Plants not caespitose, with the habit of a miniature Iris, conspicu- ously discoloring in drying; perianth yellow veined with brown; stamen filaments connate somewhat below the middle. c. Stems 1-3 dm. tall; roots chiefly short and tuberous, without conspicuous persistent hairs. d. Stems more or less conspicuously flexuose, branching repeatedly in mature plants; fibers of past leaves somewhat persistent, but scarcely conspicuous; leaves 0.4-0.6 cm. broad, characteristic- ally turgid and patulous, particularly upon the stem; spathe valves ovate-lanceolate; perianth 0.8-1.0 cm. long; capsules oblongoid-subglobose, scarcely longer than broad; seeds about 0.1 cm. in diameter, lustrous and conspicuously reticulate- foveolate --------------- -------------------------- 2. S. CONVOLUTUM dd. Stems straight or very slightly flexuose, simple or branching infrequently; fibers of past leaves very conspicuous and matted; leaves 0.1-0.2 cm. broad, erect; spathe valves narrowly lanceo- late; perianth 1.2-1.5 cm. long; capsules oblongoid, about twice longer than broad; seeds about 0.13 cm. in diameter, opaque, smooth or very inconspicuously foveolate -3. S. MANDONI cc. Stems 4-5 dm. tall; roots elongate and only slightly fleshy, the persistent hairs very conspicuous and matted; perianth 1.6-1.8 cm. long; capsules ovoid, sharply tapered at base and tip, about 1.5 cm. long; seeds about 0.2 cm. in diameter, conspicuously reticulate-foveolate -4. S. CHIRICANUM aa. Flowering stems leafless and unbranched, very broadly ancipitous and leaf-like, not greatly discoloring but yielding a purple dye in drying; roots elongate and fibrous; perianth about 0.8 cm. long; stamen fila- ments free to the ovary; capsules broadly turbinate, about 1.2 cm. long; seeds about 0.15 cm. in diameter, obscurely foveolate -5. S. TINCTORIUM
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