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(Last Modified On 7/15/2013)
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(Last Modified On 7/15/2013)
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Genus
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Cardiospermum L.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Sp. P1. 366. 1753
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Note
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TYPE: C. halicacabum L.
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Synonym
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Corindum Miller, Gard. Diet., abr. ed. 4. 1754, non Adanson. TYPE: C. halicacabum (L.) Miller = Cardiospermum halicacabum L. Rhodiola Loureiro, Fl. Chochinch. 627. 1790. TYPE: R. biternata Loureiro = Cardiospermum halicacabum L.
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Description
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Polygamous, herbaceous, annual or perennial vines; stems herbaceous to woody with axillary or peduncular tendrils. Leaves usually biternate, occasionally decompound or with a lesser number of leaflets, hispid to glabrous, often with pellucid dots or lines; stipules small, rarely wanting. Inflorescences axillary pani- cles. Flowers irregular; sepals 5, often with 2 sepals entirely connate, the outer 2 much smaller; petals 4, the scale on the inside of the petal with a bilobed crest and a deflexed barbate appendage; disc glands 4, the 2 superior ovate or cornute, the 2 inferior obsolete; stamens 8, eccentric, the filaments unequal, free or connate at the base; ovary trilocular, triquetrous, sessile or stipitate, the style filiform, the stigmas 3, the ovule solitary. Fruits capsular, 3-celled, inflated, obovate, sub- globose or turbinate, membranous or subchartaceous; seed globose, the funicle round, reniform or cordate, the embryo curved, the radicle short, the inner cotyle- don plicate.
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Habit
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vines
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Note
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The genus has about 14 species, but it is in need of intensive study and prob- ably contains fewer species than are presently recognized.
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Distribution
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known from Panama and at least one other from Central America.
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Note
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Cardio- spermum halicacabum is included here because it is expected to be found in Pan- ama.
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Key
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a. Fruits generally 5-6 cm long, glabrous, longer than broad; flowers mostly 8-10 mm long; glands of the disc in part elongate and hornlike ...... 1. C. grandiflorum aa. Fruits mostly 1-4 cm long, usually pubescent, broader than long or as long as broad; flowers 1.5-5 mm long; glands of the disc short, suborbicular or obsolete. b. Fruits suborbicular, as long as broad, 2-4 cm long; flowers 3-5 mm long ...... 2. C. halicacabum bb. Fruits broader than long, 1-3 cm long; flowers 2-3 mm long ...... 3. C. microcarpum
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