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(Last Modified On 3/8/2013)
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(Last Modified On 3/8/2013)
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Genus
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PAVONIA Cav.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Mon. Cl. Diss. Dec. (sub Genera elucidanda ad finem Diss. 2). 1786; 132. 1787, nom. gen. conserv.
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Synonym
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Lass Adans., Fam. P1. 2: 400. 1763. Malache Vogel in Trew, P1. Select. 50. 1772. Lopimia Mart., Nov. Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. 11: 96. 1823. Malachra L. sect. Peltaea Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 125. 1836. Asterochlaena Garcke, -Bot. Zeitung 8: 666. 1850. Peltcaea (Presl) Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 113. 1916.
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Description
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Herbs, undershrubs or shrubs, infrequently small trees, the indumentum mostly of stellate hairs. Leaves usually petiolate, the blade simple to palmatiparted, palminerved. Flowers axillary and solitary or in corymbiform, racemiform or paniculiform, terminal inflorescences, generally pedicellate; epicalyx of 5 - so bract- lets, these distinct or more or less united at the base, sometimes adnate to the base of the calyx, persistent; calyx 5-merous, campanulate or cupuliform, dentate or lobate, rarely apiculate, persistent; petals erect or spreading, more or less unguicu- late, adnate to the base of the staminal tube, longer than the calyx, variously col- ored; staminal tube shorter to longer than the corolla, antheriferous throughout or usually on the upper part only below the 5-dentate or 5-lobate apex, the filaments few to numerous, terete, the anthers reniform; ovary 5-locular, the locules 1-ovulate; style branches 10, the stigmas capitate or discoid. Fruit separating into 5 mericarps, these usually triquetrous-obovoid, muticous or awned, glabrous or not, more or less dehiscent; seeds glabrous or variously pubescent; endosperm absent; cotyledons folded.
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Habit
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Herbs shrubs
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Distribution
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A tropical and subtropical genus of over 200 species, distributed in both hemi- spheres but particularly well represented in South America; 15 species are known from Panama.
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Reference
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Kearney, T. H., A tentative key to the North American species of Pavonia Cav. Leafi. West Bot. 7: 122-130. 1954. Kearney, T. H., A tentative key to the South American species of Pavonia Cav. Leafi. West. Bot. 8: 225-246. 1958.
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Key
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a. Epicalyx bractlets linear, abruptly expanded at the apex into a more or less peltate, small blade; flowers subtended by large, foliaceous bracts; mericarps muticous or shortly mucronulate (sect. Peltaea). b. Leaf blades ovate to subeircular, infrequently shallowly lobed, 7- to 9- palminerved, densely stellate-puberulus to stellate-tomentellous or stellate- velutinous on both sides; mericarps glabrous. 1. P. SESSILIFLORA bb. Leaf blades ovate to narrowly ovate, 3- to 5-palminerved, roughly stellate- puberulus on both sides; mericarps minutely puberulus - 2. P. RIEDELII var. OVATA aa. Epicalyx bractlets not expanded at apex; flowers not subtended by large, foli- aceous bracts. c. Mericarps muticous or 3-crested or cuspidate (sect. Eupavonia). d. Mericarps muticous (sometimes short-mucronulate, cf. P. paniculata). e. Epicalyx bractlets 12-24; calyx 1/3 as long as the epicalyx or shorter; petals 2.1-5 cm long; mericarps with a mucilaginous coat, brown to blackish and more or less shiny when dry. f. Stipules ovate-subulate, 8-13 mm long; epicalyx bractlets 15-24, linear-subulate, 10-15 mm long and 0.6-1 mm wide, densely long- hispid; petals 2.1-3 cm long -.------..--.--..--..-.-3. P. MALACOPHYLLA ff. Stipules narrowly ovate, ca 20 mm long; epicalyx bractlets 12- 16, narrowly ovate, (12-) 18-28 mm long and (1-)2-3 mm wide, densely stellate-puberulus to stellate-velutinous; petals 3-5 cm long ......................................................... 4. P. D ASYPETALA ee. Epicalyx bractlets 5-13; calyx 1/2 to sometimes nearly as long as the epica-lyx; petals 0.4-2.5 cm long; mericarps not mucilaginous-coated. g. Epicalyx bractlets linear to linear-filiform, acute, 4-10 mm long and 0.5-0.8 mm wide; petals 4-15 mm long, white or yellow. This content downloaded on Fri, 8 Mar 2013 12:51:39 PMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions1965] FLORA OF PANAMA (Family 115. Malvaceae) 529 h. Flowers solitary in the upper leaf axils; petals white, 4-8 mm long; mericarps with an inconspicuous, longitudinal rib dorsally, otherwise nearly smooth; epicalyx bractlets 6-8, 4-8 mm long; glandular hairs absent -.-.-...-...-5. P. ALBA hh. Flowers solitary in the upper leaf axils, usually forming paniculiform inflorescences by reduction of the uppermost leaves, or the flowers subcorymbosely clustered at the end of the branchlets; petals yellow, 10-15 mm long; mericarps foveolate-rugose dorsally; epicalyx bractlets 6-12, 7-10 mm long; indumentum with glandular hairs ... 6. P. PANICULATA gg. Epicalyx bractlets 6-9, narrowly ovate, short-unguiculate, long- acuminate, 10-20 mm long and 2.5-5 mm wide; petals 18-25 mm long, yellow, reddish at the base .................................... 7. P. SIDIFOLIA dd. Mericarps 3-crested or cuspidate. i. Leaf blades ovate to broadly ovate, cordate at the base, 5(-7)- palminerved; mericarps with 3 broad, apical crests -.. 8. P. SPICATA ii. Leaf blades narrowly ovate or narrowly oblong-ovate, rounded to subcordate at the base, 3- to 5-palminerved; mericarps with a single, stout, triangular, apical and proximal cusp ca 3 mm long, some- times also with 2 prominulous, apical and distal crests -9. P. RHIZOPHORAE cc. Mericarps 3-aristate, the awns retrorsely hispidulous or setose (secL. Typhalaea). j. Awns proximate at the apex; epicalyx bractlets 5-6, these united for less than 1/4 of their length; flowers in small, dense, corymbiform or subcapitate inflorescences ----------------------------------------------.. -.10. P. FRUTICOSA jj. Awns apical but not proximate or the central awn apical and the mar- ginal lower down. k. Petals 20-40 mm long, yellow; flowers solitary or somewhat clustered; epicalyx of 5-8 nearly distinct bractlets; mericarps with the central awn apical and the marginal markedly below -...-..-.. 11. P. SPINIFEX kk. Petals 7-16 mm long. 1. Epicalyx bractlets 11-13, ca 5-6 times longer than the calyx, distinct, 15-20 mm long; flowers solitary, long-pedicellate; petals 10-12 mm long; mericarps with the awns apical but not proximate ............................................................-. ......... 12. P. OXYPHYLLARIA 11. Epicalyx bractlets 7-11, at maximum 3 times longer than, equal- ling more or less, or slightly shorter than the calyx. m. Leaf blades asymmetrical, oblique at the base; flowers soli- tary, pendulous, long-pedicellate; epicalyx bractlets 8-10, slightly shorter than to equalling the calyx, nearly distinct, 5.5-7 mm long; calyx 6.5-8 mm long; petals 14-16 mm long; mericarps broadly trigonous-obovoid, ca 8 mm long and 5.5 mm wide, the central awn apical, the marginal markedly below the apex -.--....--.....--13. P. PENDULIFLORA mm. Leaf blades symmetrical; flowers in few-flowered fascicles; epicalyx bractlets longer than the calyx. n. Epicalyx bractlets 8-10, united for ca I/ of their length, 6-8.5 mm long; calyx 3 mm long; petals ca 7 mm long; mericarps narrowly trigonous, 6-8 mm long and 2-2.3 mm wide, the awns apical but not proximate --. . - . . - . - . - . . - . - . . - . - . . . - 14. P. LONGIPES nn. Epicalyx bractlets 7-11, united for maximum 1/4 of their length, 5.5-11 mm long; calyx 3-5 mm long; petals 8- 13 mm long; mericarps trigonous-obovoid, 5-7 mm long and ca 2.5-3.5 mm wide, the central awn apical, the marginal below the apex ........................- ........ .. 15. P. ROSEA
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