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(Last Modified On 11/8/2012)
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(Last Modified On 11/8/2012)
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Genus
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SPIRANTHES L. C. Rich.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Mem. Mus. Par. 4:50. 1818
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Reference
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Schltr. in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 37, Abt. 2:317-454. 1929.
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Synonym
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Gyrostachys Pers. Syn. P1. 2:511. 1807. Stenorrhbyncbus L. C. Rich. in Me~m. Mus. Par. 4:59. 1818. Pelexia-L. C. Rich. loc. cit. 59. Sarcoglottis Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1:95, t. I5. 1827. Cyclopogon Presl, loc. cit. 93. Beloglottis Schltr. in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 37, Abt. 2:364. 1920. Brachystele Schltr. loc. cit. 370.
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Description
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Small, or rarely large, terrestrial (rarely epiphytic) herbs with basal or cauline leaves or both, or leafless. Roots often fleshy, fasciculated or tuberous. Leaves various, produced before, with, or after, the flowers. Sepals free; dorsal sepal usually erect and forming a galea with the petals; lateral ones erect or spreading, affixed to the summit of the ovary, decurrent and forming a free or adnate mentum. Petals usually narrow and usually coherent to the dorsal sepal. Lip sessile or clawed, plane, concave or gibbous, simple or lobed, in some species bi- caudate at the base, adherent to the column in almost all the species, ecallose or callose. Column terete; clinandrium often membranaceous and conspicuous, often continued into the rostellum; rostellum various, inconspicuous or conspicuous, truncate and retuse to lobed to aristate; anther dorsal, erect, sessile or stipitate; pollinia 2, powdery or granular, usually attenuated at one end.
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Note
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A large and technical genus with its main center of distribution in Mexico.
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Key
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a. Lip less than 8 mm. long. b. Lip less than 3 mm. long ..................... 1. S. GUYANENSIS bb. Lip 5 mm. or more long. c. Lateral sepals linear-ligulate to ligulate; petals oblanceolate-ligulate.... 2. S. COSTARICENSIS cc. Lateral sepals linear-lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate-triangular; petals linear to narrowly elliptic. ........................,,,.,,.3. S. PRASOPHYLLUM aa. Lip 13 m3m. long or longer. b. Lateral sepals forming a produced, acute or obtuse mentum at the base. c. Lip bicaudate at the base ................... 9. S. FUNCKIANA cc. Lip not bicaudate at the base ... 8. S. ORCHIOIDES bb. Lateral sepals not forming a produced, obtuse or acute mentum at their base. c. Lip not bicaudate at the base; rostellum terete ................................ 6. S. SPECIOSA cc. Lip bicaudate at the base; rostellum flattened or terete. d. Terminal part of the lip not oval nor suborbicular nor with pubescent callus-ridges; r6stellum terete ..............................,,.,,.7. S. NAVARRENSIS dd. Terminal part of the lip oval or suborbicular or with pubescent callus ridges; rostellum flattened. e. Base of the stem leafy; plants from rhizomes ............................ 4. S. WOODSONII ce. Base of the stem not leafy; plants from fascicled roots......., 5. S. ACAULIS
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