(Last Modified On 7/12/2013)
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(Last Modified On 7/12/2013)
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Genus
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Lobelia L.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Sp. P1. 929. 1753
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Synonym
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Dortmanna Hill, Brit. Herb. 126. 1756. Rapuntium Miller, Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768. Tupa G. Don. Gen. Syst. 3: 700. 1834. TYPE: T. feuillei G. Don = Lobelia tupa L. Dortmannia Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2. 1: 526. 1840. Petromarula Nieuwl. & Lunell ex Lunell, Amer. Midl. Naturalist 5: 1917, non 1806.
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Description
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Annual or perennial herbs or shrubs. Leaves, simple, exstipulate, alternate, sessile or short-petiolate, pinnately veined and serrate to subentire with the teeth ending in minute callosities. Flowers solitary in the terminal leaf axils or in bracted, terminal racemes, usually inverted, pedicellate, mostly bibracteolate, more or less ascendant at anthesis; corolla usually with a dorsal slit from the apex nearly to the base and often bearing 2 lateral slits (= fenestrae) as well, strongly zygomorphic with 2 upper lobes and 3 lobes comprising the lower lip; filaments usually free from the corolla, connate at least distally into a monodelphous tube, the anthers laterally united into a tube and the pollen released into the central cavity formed by the fused anthers, unequal, the 2 lower anthers shorter, usually with a penicellate tuft of bristles at the tip, the 3 longer anthers partially closing the orifice of the anther tube by their strongly incurved tips. Capsules 1/4 to com- pletely enclosed by the hypanthium, dehiscing loculicidally apically, corolla, stamens and style withering-persistent; seeds, numerous, smooth and shining, pitted or tuberculate.
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Habit
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herbs or shrubs
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Reference
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McVaugh, R. 1940a. Campanulaceae (Lobelioideae). Pp. 347-353 in R. E. Woodson, Jr. & R. W. Schery, Contributions toward a flora of Panama. IV. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 27: 265-364. McVaugh, R. 1940b. A key to the North American species of Lobelia (Sect. Hemi- pogon). Amer. Midl. Naturalist 24: 681-702. McVaugh, R. 1958. Lobelia splendens Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., a poorly under- stood member of the Lobelia cardinalis complex. Bol. Soc. Bot. Mexico 23: 48-54.
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Key
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a. Corolla scarlet, red, reddish orange, pinkish, reddish yellow or pale greenish; corolla tube 10 mm long or more. b. Corolla pale greenish; bracteoles more than 5 mm long and 1 mm wide, borne well above the middle of the pedicel ...... 2. L. dressleri bb. Corolla red, orange, pinkish or rarely white; bracteoles less than 5 mm long and 1 mm wide, borne near the middle of the pedicel or well below it. c. Bracteoles at or near the base of the pedicels; pedicels 2 cm long or less; seeds roughened, foveate-reticulate; herbs ...... 1. L. cardinalis cc. Bracteoles usually at or near the middle of the pedicels but occasionally nearly basal, minute and apparently often wanting; pedicels (1-)3 cm long or more; seeds more or less smooth with faint longitudinal lines; shrubs or suffrutescent herbs ...... 5. L. laxiflora aa. Corolla blue or violet blue or pale lavender to almost white; corolla tube 5 mm long or less. d. Corolla tube 2.5 or less; anther tube 1 mm long or less; annuals. e. Mature capsule 1/3 inferior or less; fruiting pedicels 10 mm long or longer ...... 7. L. xalapensis ee. Mature capsule nearly completely inferior; fruiting pedicels 2-6 mm long ...... 3. L. fastigiata dd. Corolla tube 2.8 mm long or longer; anther tube 1 mm long or longer; perennials. f. Corolla tube fenestrate, 2.8-3 mm long, blue to violet; lower corolla lobes 4-6 mm long; upper corolla lobes triangular, 3-6 mm long; all 5 anthers minutely white-tufted-at tips ...... 4. L. irasuensis ff. Corolla tube nonfenestrate, 3-4 mm long, pale lavender to white; lower corolla lobes 2-3.5 mm long; upper corolla lobes nearly linear, 2.0-3.2 mm long; only the 2 shorter anthers apically minutely white-tufted ...... 6. L. longicaulis
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