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Notes:
The widespread P. sylvestre Lam. was indicated for Madagascar by Baillon (1882), based a single specimen from "Madagascar" collected by Du Petit Thouars. It has not be recollected in Madagascar, although it does occur in the Mascarenes, and we believe this specimen is either wrongly labelled (Thouars also collected in the Mascarenes) or it is a specimen of a cultivated plant. In addition, 2 spp of Piper are cultivated in Madagascar: P. nigrum (culinary white, green and black pepper) and P. betle (the masticatory and medicinal, betel) the latter has recently been found to be locally naturalised.
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