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(Last Modified On 10/15/2013)
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(Last Modified On 10/15/2013)
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Genus
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Tetrapteris Cav.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Diss. 9. 443. 1790.
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Note
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TYPE: Tetrapteris inaequalis Cav. = T. citri- folia (Sw.) Pers.
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Synonym
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Tetrapterys Juss., Malpigh. Synopsis (Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. Ser. 2. 13:) 261. 1840. = Tetrapteris Cav., orthogr. mut.
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Description
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Lianas, rarely shrubs. Leaves simple, opposite, papyraceous, chartaceous or coriaceous, entire; petioles sometimes with glands; stipules small, in pairs, single between the petioles, solitary at the base of the petiole or absent. Infiorescences axillary or terminal, generally cymose-paniculate, less frequently thyrsoid with flowers in terminal corymbs or umbels, sometimes simple umbels, corymbs or pseudoracemes; peduncles with 2 bracteoles at the apex or rarely lower on the peduncle; pedicels present and continuous with the peduncle; bracts and brac- teoles sometimes conspicuous. Flowers yellow; sepals 5, ovate or oblong, united at the base, usually 4 of them biglandular, rarely eglandular or all 5 sepals glan- dular; petals yellow, clawed, glabrous, the limb orbicular, ovate or elliptic, the margin entire, denticulate or weakly undulate; stamens 10, weakly unequal, the filaments united into a ring or tube at the base, glabrous or sometimes pilose, the anthers ellipsoid or oblong-ellipsoid, glabrous or rarely pilose; styles free, erect, thick, glabrous, generally 1 of the 3 thinner, the apex truncate; internal angle obtuse or at a right angle, stigmatic, the external angle obtuse, acute or apiculate, the ovary trilobate, velutinous-tomentose or hirsute. Fruit a schizocarp of 2 or 3 samaras, the mericarp with a narrow dorsal wing and 4 lateral wings, these forming an X as seen from above, rarely vestigial, sometimes with muricate or laminate appendages present between the dorsal and lateral wings; body smooth or coarsely veined, the ventral areole oval to suborbicular; cotyledons almost equal, folded.
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Habit
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Lianas
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Distribution
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This is a genus with ca. 90 species in tropical parts of Central America, South America from Mexico to Argentina and the West Indies.
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Elevation
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sea level to over 2,000 m
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Key
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a. Sepals densely tomentose; fruit with superior wing often more than 4 cm long; young branchlets and leaves woolly-tomentose; upper wings of the samaras 35-50 mm long, dis- tinct to the base from the smaller ones and spreading, the body smooth between the medial crest and the 4 wings ...... 4. T. macrocarpa aa. Sepals glabrous, moderately strigose or somewhat ciliate at the margin; fruit with superior wings less than 4 cm long; young branchlets and leaves variously pubescent but not woolly- tomentose; upper wings of the samaras free from lower wings or confluent with them (T. seemannii); the body smooth between the medial crest and lateral wings or bearing several short appendages (T. discolor). b. Sepals strigose or substrigose, branchlets and peduncles copiously or densely strigose; leaf blades firmly coriaceous, strongly nervate and reticulate beneath ...... 7. T. tysonii bb. Sepals glabrous or somewhat ciliate, branchlets and peduncles variously pubescent; leaf blades coriaceous to thin. c. Pubescence on branchlets and abaxial side of leaves conspicuous, patulous, more than 1 mm high, trichomes furcate, rigid, erect and spreading; leaf blades firmly coriaceous, broad, cordate at base, 13-23 cm long, 9.5-14 cm wide ....... 3 . T . hirsutula cc. Pubescence on young branchlets and leaves inconspicuous, trichomes smaller, thinner, appressed or loosely subappressed, much less than 1 mm high; leaf blades papyraceous, usually narrower and smaller, the base cuneate or obtuse, never cordate. d. Fruits more or less coccoid or nut-like, never conspicuously samaroid, the wings vestigial, much reduced and scarcely apparent ...... 6. T. subaptera dd. Fruits samaroid, the wings conspicuous. e. Samaras with several appendages between the dorsal and the side wings, these distinct from the base and spreading ...... 2. T. discolor ee. Samaras with no appendages between the dorsal and lateral wings. f. Fruits glabrate, the upper wings confluent with the lower ones, united at the base ...... 5. T. seemannii ff. Fruits densely and conspicuously pubescent, the upper wings distinct to the base from the lower ones ...... 1. T. crispa
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