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1
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Annual or sometimes perennial, keels of palea with flexuous, curved or crispate hairs along their whole length (or almost so)
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(2)
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+
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Perennial or rarely annual; keels of palea scabrid or prickly, if hairy then only in the lower half
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(5)
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2 (1)
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Lower panicle-branches spreading or deflexed after anthesis; spikelets with crowded florets; anthers 0.6-2mm long, at least twice as long as wide
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(3)
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+
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Lower panicle-branches erecto-patent after anthesis; spikelets with rather distant florets; anthers 0.2-0.5 mm long, scarcely longer than wide
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Poa infirma
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3 (2)
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Spikelets not crowded towards the ends of the panicle-branches; anthers 0.6-0.8 (-1) mm long, 2-3 times as long as wide
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(4)
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+
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Spikelets crowded towards the ends of the panicle-branches; anthers usually 1.3-2 mm long, 5-8 times as long as wide
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Poa supina
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4 (3)
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Lemma without any wool at the base
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Poa annua
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+
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Lemma with copious wool at the base
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Poa nepalensis
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5 (1)
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Stem with a bulbous swelling at the base formed from the hardened remains of old leaf-sheaths
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(6)
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+
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Stem not bulbous at the base, but sometimes thickened with the scarious or fibrous (not hardened) remains of old leaf-sheaths
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(8)
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6 (5)
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Lemma ciliate, or at least thinly hairy, on the keel and marginal nerves
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(7)
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+
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Lemma entirely hairless though often scabrid
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Poa bactriana
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7 (6)
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Lemma with wool at the base, this usually copious; lemmas 2.5-3.5mm long; anthers 1-1.5mm long (or spikelets usually proliferating and these characters not visible)
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Poa bulbosa
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+
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Lemma without wool at the base (or sometimes just 1 or 2 strands); lemmas 3.5-5mm long; anthers 1.5-2.5mm long (spikelets rarely proliferating in our area)
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Poa sinaica
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8 (5)
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Plant not as above; if lemma glabrous then plant not over 40cm high and panicle ovate or pyramidal; native wild specie
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(9)
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+
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Robust perennial up to 120 cm high; lemma entirely glabrous; panicle narrow; species only in cultivation
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Poa ampla
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9 (8)
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Lemma hairy on the surface between the nerves (this may be extremely sparse) or sometimes only shortly asperulous
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(10)
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+
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Lemma glabrous on the surface between the nerves although the keel and marginal nerves are usually ciliate below
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(17)
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10 (9)
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Palea-keels ciliate below, scabrid above
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(11)
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+
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Palea-keels scabrid throughout their length.
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(14)
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11 (10)
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Tufted plants without stolons; culms not rooting from the lower nodes; panicle lax or dense
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(12)
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+
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Stoloniferous plant with culms often ascending from a procumbent base which sometimes roots from the lower nodes; panicle loose, 12-25cm long
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Poa stapfiana
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12 (11)
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Spikelets, when young, elliptic or lanceolate; leaf-blades up to 6cm long and 1.5mm wide; panicle contracted, 0.5-5cm long; culms clothed at the base with the scarious remains of old leaf-sheaths
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(13)
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+
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Spikelets, when young, broadly ovate; leaf-blades 4-12cm long, 2-5mm wide; panicle compact or spreading, 3-7cm long; culms clothed at the base with the fibrous remains of old leaf-sheaths
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Poa alpina
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13 (12)
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Dwarf plants up to 10(-15)cm high; wool present at the base of the lower lemmas; leaf blades up to 2cm long
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Poa koelzii
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+
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Taller plants up to 30 cm high; wool absent or extremely sparse; leaf-blades 2-6cm long
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Poa lahulensis
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14 (10)
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Tufted plants without rhizomes, though sometimes with stolons; panicle lax or effuse, not spike-like; lemmas shortly hairy or with a felty pubescence between the nerves below; palea-keels evenly scabrid or prickly
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(15)
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+
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Tufted plants with rhizomes; panicle contracted, spike-like; lemma asperulous all over the back; palea-keels with prickles below and teeth above
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Poa tibetica
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15 (14)
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Lower glume elliptic or oblong, 1-3-nerved; lemmas acute or obtuse; plant tufted, the culms sometimes decumbent at the base and rooting from the lower nodes, but the plant not other-wise spreading by stolons
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(16)
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+
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Lower glume subulate-acuminate in side-view, 1-nerved; lemmas obtuse; plant stoloni¬ferous
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Poa polycolea
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16 (15)
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Robust grass; lemmas acute, gland-pitted on the back and with short, rather coarse hairs below; spikelets 7-8mm long, the florets eventually widely diverging
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Poa falconeri
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+
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Slender grass; lemmas very blunt, scabrid on the back and with either a few short hairs or a felty pubescence between the nerves below; spikelets ovate-elliptic, up to 5.5mm long
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Poa pagophila
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17 (9)
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Palea-keels ciliate below, scabrid above
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(18)
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+
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Palea-keels scabrid ± throughout their length
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(19)
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18 (17)
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Base of the lemma without any wool
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Poa sikkimensis
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+
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Base of the lemma with copious wool
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Poa stewartiana
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19 (17)
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Plants rhizomatous
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(20)
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+
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Plants not rhizomatous
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(23)
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20 (19)
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Lemmas strongly keeled on the back, acute or narrowly obtuse at the tip, narrowly hyaline at most
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(21)
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+
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Lemmas very broad, not strongly keeled on the back, rounded and broadly hyaline at the tip
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Poa calliopsis
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21 (20)
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Uppermost node in the median third of the culm or above; plant loosely or densely tufted from a slender rhizome
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(22)
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+
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Uppermost node in the basal third of the culm; plant densely tufted from a short thick rhizome
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Poa versicolor subsp. araratica
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22 (21)
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Panicle narrow, few-spiculate, the branches 2-3 at the lower nodes; ligule 1.5-3mm long (if ligule not more than 1 mm see 21. P. nemoralis)
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Poa sterilis
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+
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Panicle lanceolate to ovate, with many spikelets, often rather dense, with 3-5 branches at the lower nodes; ligule 1-3mm long (if ligule 3.5-10 mm long see 20. P. trivialis)
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Poa pratensis
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23 (19)
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Anthers 1.3-2.5mm long
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(24)
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+
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Anthers 0.6-0.75 mm long
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Poa setulosa
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24 (23)
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Ligule pointed or blunt, not more than 3mm long
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(25)
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+
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Ligule pointed, 3.5-10 mm long
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Poa trivialis
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25 (24)
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Ligule very short, scarcely exceeding 1mm in length
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(26)
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+
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Ligule longer, 1-3 mm long
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(27)
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26 (25)
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Anthers 1.3-2mm long; lower glume 3-nerved; panicle-branches scaberulous, 2-5 at the lower nodes
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Poa nemoralis
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+
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Anthers 1.8-2.5 mm long; lower glume 1-nerved; panicle-branches smooth, paired at the lower nodes
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Poa aitchisonii
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27 (25)
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Smaller plants, but sometimes reaching 40cm in height; spikelets often becoming wedge-shaped; panicle not ample, either short (2-10cm long) and dense or longer (7-15cm long) but with relatively few spikelets
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(28)
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+
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Tall plant, usually 40-120cm high; spikelets ovate or oblong, not becoming wedge-shaped; panicle ample, 10-20(-30)cm long, with branches in distant clusters of 3-6 at a node
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Poa palustris
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28 (27)
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Plant tufted, not stoloniferous, the culms usually erect; panicle narrow, lax or dense
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(29)
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+
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Plant stoloniferous, the culms erect or geniculately ascending from a creeping base; panicle very loose and spreading
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Poa polycolea
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29 (28)
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Uppermost node in the basal third of the culm
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(30)
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+
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Uppermost node in the median third of the culm
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Poa sterilis
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30 (29)
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Lowest lemma (2.8-)3-4.5mm long; spikelets 3-6.5mm long
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(31)
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+
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Lowest lemma (2-)2.3-3(-3.2)mm long; spikelets usually 3-4mm long
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Poa attenuata
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31 (30)
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Very glaucous plant 10-25cm high (rarely higher); uppermost node in the lowest sixth of the culm
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+
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Green or glaucous plant, usually 25-50cm high; uppermost node about a third the way up the culm
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Poa versicolor subsp. araratica
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