(Last Modified On 7/22/2013)
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(Last Modified On 7/22/2013)
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Genus
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Arctostaphylos Adans.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Fam. P1. 2: 165. 1763. nom. conserv.
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Note
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TYPE: A. uva-ursi (L.) K.P.J. Sprengel.
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Synonym
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Uva-Ursi [Tourn.] Miller, Gard. Dict. abr. ed. 4. 1754. Comarostaphylis Zucc., Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Konigl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 2: 331. 1837. TYPE: C. arguta Zucc. Xerobotrys Nutt., Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. ser. 2. 8: 267. 1843. Xylococcus Nutt., Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. ser. 2. 8: 258. 1843. TYPE: X. bicolor Nutt. Daphnidostaphylis Klotzsch, Linnaea 24: 79, 87. 1851. Arctous (A. Gray) Niedenzu, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 11: 180. 1889. TYPE: A. alpina (L.) Niedenzu. Ornithostaphylos Small, N. Amer. Fl. 29: 101. 1914. TYPE: 0. oppositifolia (Parry) Small. Schizococcus Eastw., Leafl. W. Bot. 1: 98. 1934. TYPE: S. ninumlaria (A. Gray) Eastwood.
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Description
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Shrubs or small trees with diffuse to prostrate or erect stems. Leaves per- sistent or rarely deciduous, usually coriaceous, rarely membranous, often revolute, entire, undulate or toothed, pinnately veined, petiolate or sessile. Inflorescence of few to numerous flowers borne in terminal, solitary or clustered, racemelike panicles; pedicels slender, bibracteolate at or near the base, each subtended by a persistent or deciduous bract. Flowers with the calyx persistent with (4)5 nearly distinct lobes much longer than the calyx tube, spreading or reflexed at maturity; corolla urceolate, cylindric, ovoid, globular to somewhat campanulate, (4)5-lobed and the lobes often recurved or spreading; stamens (8)10, included, the filaments dilated and usually basally pubescent, the anthers introrse, each anther sac with a recurved dorsal hornlike spur, the thecae opening by introrse terminal pores; stigma minute or slightly capitately dilated, the style slender to columnar, ovary superior on a hypogynous disc, (2-)4-5(-10) celled. Drupe globose, usually fleshy but rarely dry, the pericarp smooth to papillose or warty; nutlets 4-10, seedlike, each with a solitary seed, the nutlets irregularly separable or united into a solid stone.
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Habit
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Shrubs or small trees
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Note
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Arctostaphylos when broadly interpreted is a genus of about 50 species with one species circumboreal and the remainder mostly restricted to western North and Central America. The genus is broadly circumscribed here to include all those members of the tribe Arbuteae with a solitary seed in each locule. The southern Central American representatives all belong to the segregate genus Comaro- staphylis which is characterized by fleshy drupes with a papillate pericarp sur- rounding a solid stone of 3-5 locules and a single seed within each compartment. In contrast to the broader generic usage adopted here, Arctostaphylos is often restricted to include only those species with a more or less smooth, nonpapillate pericarp.
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