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(Last Modified On 1/28/2013)
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(Last Modified On 1/28/2013)
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Genus
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ARENARIA L.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Sp. PI. 423. 1753.
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Synonym
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Moehringia L. [Syst. ed. 2:22. 1740] Sp. PI. 359. 1753. Minuartia L. Sp. PI. 89. 1753 Gypsophytum Adans. Fami. 2:256. 1763. Ammodenia Patrin, ex Gmel. Fl. Sibir. 4:160. 1769. Alsine Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. 1:496. 1772. not L. 1753. Honkenya Ehrh. Beitr. 2:180. 1788. Leptophyllum Ehrh. loc. cit. 4:147. 1789. Spergulastru-m Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1:275. 1803. in part. Alsinella Swartz, Summa Veg. Scand. 17. 1814. Gouffeia Robill. & Cast. in Lam. & DC. Fl. Fr. 5:609. 1815. Halianthus Fries, Fl. Holland 75. 1817. Adenarium Raf. in Desv. Jour. Phys. 89:249. 1818. Bigelovia Raf. in Jour. Phys. 89:289. 1819. Siebera Hoppe, in Flora 2:24. 1819. Somerauera Hoppe, loc. cit. 2:26. 1819. Merckia Reichb. ex Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnaca 1:59. 1826. Brachystemnma D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep. 216. 1828. Wilbelmsia Reichb. Consp. 206. 1828. Odontostemma Benth. in Wall. Cat. -n. 645. 1828. Sabulina Reichb. Fl. Germ. Excurs. 785. 1832. Eremogone Fenzl, Verbr. Alsin. 1 3:1 8. 1 8 33. Chetrophis Raf. Fl. Tell. 3:80. 1836. Dolophragma Fenzl, in Ann. '\Wien. M-us. 1 '63. t. 7. 18 3 6. Merkia Reichb. Handb. 298. 1837. Plinthine Reichb. loc. cit. 29 8. 1 8 3 7. Alsinanthus Reichb. loc. Cit. 29 8. 1 8 3 7. Duf ourea Gren. in Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. 9:2 5. 1 8 3 7. Lepyrodiclis Fenzl, in Endl. Gen. 966. 1840. Alsinanthe Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. 5:29. 1841. Facchinia Reichb. loc. cit. 5:29. 184 1. Neumayera Reichb. loc. cit. 5:30. 1841. Pettera Reichb. Nom. 2 0 5. 1 8 4 1. Try phane Reichb. loc. cit. 205. 1841. Wierzbickia Reichb. loc. cit. 2 0 5. 1 841. Greniera J. Gay, in Ann. Sci. Nat. 34:27. 1845. Rhodalsine J. Gay, loc. cit. 34:25. 1845. Strophium Dulac. Fl. Hautes-Pyr. 247. 1867. Xeralsine Fourr. in Ann. Soc. Linn. n. s. 16:347. 1868. Euthalia Rupr. Fl. Caucas. 220. 1 869. Brewerina A. Gray, in Proc. Am. Acad. 8:620. 1869. Alsinopsis Small, Fl. S. E. U. S. 419 & 1330. 1903.
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Description
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Annual, biennial or perennial herbs, glabrous or pubescent, prostrate and cespitose to diffuse and spreading, the stems somewNhat resilient and occasionally suffruticose below. Leaves opposite, petiolate to sessile and slightly amplexicaul, exstipulate, subulate and coriaceous to broadly elliptic and membranaceous. Flowers axillary or terminal, solitary or in dichasial cymes. Sepals 5, connate only at the base if at all. Petals 5, rarely lacking, wrhite or occasionally red, entire or shallowly emarginate. Stamens 10, rarely 5; anthers versatile; 2-celled, longitudinally dehis- cent; filaments flattened and usually united below to form a slightly perigynous disk. Ovary superior, 3- (2-5-) carpellate with 3 (2-5) filiform styles free to their bases; ovules numerous on basal placentae. Capsule dehiscing into as many entire to deeply emarginate valves as there are styles; seeds numerous, cochleate, smooth to tuberculate, estrophiolate, the embryo curved about the perisperm.
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Habit
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herbs
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Distribution
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A weedy genus containing nearly 200 species, this nearly cosmopolitan genus is in the tropics largely restricted to high altitudes.
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Note
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Fernald (in Rhodora 21:1. 1919) presents adequate reasons for retaining Arenaria sensu lato instead of main- taining several poorly separated generic segregates. Three intergrading units, best treated as subspecies of one polymorphic species, A. lanuginosa, are found in Panama.
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Key
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a. Leaves oblong, lanceolate or ovate, the larger less than 20 mm. long; sepals glabrous or pubescent in lines, 2-5 mm. long, the petals and capsules longer or shorter; plants cespitose or diffuse. b. Plants diffuse, loosely spreading; sepals pubescent, 2-4 mm. long, the petals 2-4.5 mm. long; pedicels much longer than the subtending leaves; leaf margins usually plane .------------------ . 1. ssp. LANUGINTOSA bb. Plants cespitose, much branched near the base, some of the branches occasionally proliferating; sepals glabrous, 3-5 mm. long, the petals 4-6 mm. long; pedicels shorter or longer than the subtending leaves; leaf m argins usually involute2.............................. 2. subsp. SAXOSA aa. Leaves lanceolate, the larger over 20 mimn. long; sepals conspicuously pubescent on the costae, 4-6 mm. long, the petals and capsules longer; plants diffuse and spreading.3s.... . .. .......... . 3 . S GUATEMALENSIS
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