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(Last Modified On 11/8/2012)
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(Last Modified On 11/8/2012)
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Genus
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HABENARIA Willd.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Sp. P1. 4:44. 1805
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Reference
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Kranzl. Orch. Gen. & Sp. 1:174. 1901; Ames, Orch. 4:1-288. 1910.
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Synonym
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Gymnadenia R. Br. in Aiton, Hort. Kew. ed. 2, 5:191. 1813. Platanthera L. C. Rich. in MWm. Mus. Par. 4:48. 1818. Limnorcbis Rydb. in Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1:104. 1900.
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Description
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Terrestrial or palustrine herbs with cauline or basal leaves or rarely the leaves reduced to bracts. Leaves thin to fleshy, usually prominent. Inflorescence few- to many-flowered, spicate or racemose; flowers various; bracts often large and conspicuous. Sepals subequal, free or connate at the bases, the dorsal erect, usually -concave, the laterals usually spreading. Petals similar to the sepals but usually smaller, or more or less deeply bifid (rarely trifid or polyfid). Lip simple or 3 or more-lobed, often adnate to the column, spreading or pendulous, spurred at the base. Column short, footless. Stigmas 2 or 1 stigma 2-lobed, often elongated into short or comparatively long processes. Anther erect, rarely more or less resupinate, persistent; pollinia (or pollen) granular, with short or sometimes long caudicles from the base.
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Note
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A polymorphic genus of world-wide distribution, probably one of the oldest genera in the family. There are many more generic synonyms than those cited but the ones given are the essential ones for the Panama flora. A good account of the North American species known to 1910 will be found in Ames, Orchidaceae, Vol. 4.
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Key
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a. Petals entire or merely toothed; lip entire, toothed at the base or 3- lobed. b. Petals lanceolate ...................................................... 1. H. ALATA bb. Petals not lanceolate ......................................-...................... 3. H. PETALODES aa. Petals bifid; lip 3-lobed. b. Palustrine or aquatic plants ...................................... 8. H. REPENS bb. Not palustrine nor aquatic plants. c. Sepals less than 5 mm. long (mostly 3 mm.) .................................... 7. H. HEPTADACTYLA cc. Sepals much more than 5 mm. long. d. Lateral lobes of the lip very much shorter than the mid-lobe; petals short4......................................................................................... 4. H . AVICULA dd. Lateral lobes of the lip about as long as the mid-lobe or longer; petals normal. e. Bracts of the inflorescence large and leaf-like; flowers mostly less than 5... 6. H. PAUCIFLORA ee. Bracts of the inflorescence not latge and leaf-like; flowers mostly more than 5. f. Spur 40-50 mm. long; Leaves en- siform to linear-lanceolate ............ 5. H. BICORNIS ff. Spur 15-25 mm. long; leaves elliptic-oblong
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