(Last Modified On 2/7/2013)
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(Last Modified On 2/7/2013)
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Genus
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RANUNCULUS L.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Sp. P1. 548. 1753.
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Synonym
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Ficaria Huds. Fl. Angl. 1: 213. 1762. Hecatonia Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 1: 302. 1790. Ceratocephala Moench, Meth. 218. 1794. Krapfia DC. Syst. 1: 228. 1818. Batrachium (DC.) S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. P1. 2: 720. 1821. Casalea St. Hil. Fl. Bras. Mer. 1: 6, pl. 1. 1824. Aphanostemma St. Hil. loc. cit. 10. 1824. Oxygraphis Bunge, Verz. Suppl. Alt. 46. 1836. Cyrtorhyncha Nutt. ex T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 26. 1838. Flammula Dod. ex Fourr. in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon 216: 324. 1868. Coptidium Nyman, Consp. 13. 1878. Kumlienia Greene, in Bull. Gal. Acad. 1: 337. 1886. Arcteranthis Greene, in Pittonia 3: 190. 1897. Beckwithia Jepson, in Erythea 6: 97. 1898. Halerpestes Greene, in Pittonia 4: 207. 1900. Rhopalopodium Ulbrich, in Notizbl. 8: 253. 1922. Aspidophyllum Ulbrich, loc. cit. 268. 1922.
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Description
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Glabrous to pubescent erect or procumbent herbaceous annuals or perennials, the stems occasionally rooting at the nodes, the roots fibrous, fascicled. Leaves radical or cauline, exstipulate, entire, dissected or compound, alternate or rarely opposite, glabrous to pubescent, often with acrid juice. Inflorescence terminal, the flowers perfect; sepals 5(-3-6), imbricate, caducous; petals (O-)5(-26), yellow, white or red, separate, with a nectariferous pit at the base, unguiculate; stamens commonly 10, often more, rarely fewer; anthers 2-celled, basifixed, longitudinally dehiscent; carpels 5-many, the single ovule attached near the base of the cell. Achenes capped by the elongate style, glabrous or hairy, smooth or variously ornate.
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Habit
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herb
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Distribution
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Comprised of about 250 species in temperate and subarctic regions of both hemispheres, the buttercup genus is represented in Central America by few species, most of them confined to moderately high elevations. In his recent monograph of the North American species, Benson (in Am. Midl. Nat. 40: 1. 1948, and 52: 328. 1954) treats about 100 species.
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Note
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A few species with large petals are cultivated as ornamentals. Two species are reported from Panama.
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Key
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a. Achenes 20-25, the beak ca. 1 mm. long, recurved; petals 5, at least half as broad as long; stems rooting at the lower nodes; roots ca. 0.5 mm. in di- ameter .............-............. 1. R. REPENS aa. Achenes 10-20, the beak 1.5-2.7 mm. long, straight; petals 5-10, more than twice as long as broad; stems not rooting at the lower nodes; roots 1-3 mm. in diam eter ......................... 2. R. PILOSUS
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